Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

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2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe proper care and use of laboratory animals in research, testing,teaching, and production (animal use) require scientific and professionaljudgment based on the animals’ needs and their intendeduse. An animal care and use program(hereafter referred to as the Program)Program: The activities conductedby and at an institutionthat have a direct impact on thewell-being of animals, includinganimal and veterinary care, policiesand procedures, personneland program management andoversight, occupational healthand safety, IACUC functions,and animal facility design andmanagement.comprises all activities conducted byand at an institution that have a directimpact on the well-being of animals,including animal and veterinary care,policies and procedures, personneland program management and oversight,occupational health and safety,institutional animal care and use committee(IACUC) functions, and animalfacility design and management.This chapter defines the overallProgram and key oversight responsibilitiesand provides guidelines to aid in developing an effective Program.Chapters 3, 4, and 5 cover the details of Program components: environment,housing, and management; veterinary care; and physical plant, respectively.Each institution should establish and provide sufficient resources for a Programthat is managed in accord with the Guide and in compliance withapplicable regulations, policies, and guidelines.11
12 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSREGULATIONS, POLICIES, AND PRINCIPLESThe use of laboratory animals is governed by an interrelated, dynamicsystem of regulations, policies, guidelines, and procedures. The Guidetakes into consideration regulatory requirements relevant to many US-basedactivities, including the Animal Welfare Regulations (USDA 1985; US Code,42 USC § 289d) and the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care andUse of Laboratory Animals (PHS 2002). The use of the Guide by non-USentities also presumes adherence to all regulations relevant to the humanecare and use of laboratory animals applicable in those locations. The Guidealso takes into account the U.S. Government Principles for Utilization andCare of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training (IRAC1985; see Appendix B) and endorses the following principles:• consideration of alternatives (in vitro systems, computer simulations,and/or mathematical models) to reduce or replace the use ofanimals• design and performance of procedures on the basis of relevance tohuman or animal health, advancement of knowledge, or the goodof society• use of appropriate species, quality, and number of animals• avoidance or minimization of discomfort, distress, and pain• use of appropriate sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia• establishment of humane endpoints• provision of adequate veterinary care• provision of appropriate animal transportation and husbandrydirected and performed by qualified persons• conduct of experimentation on living animals exclusively byand/or under the close supervision of qualified and experiencedpersonnel.Interpretation and application of these principles and the Guide requireknowledge, expertise, experience, and professional judgment. Programsshould be operated in accord with the Guide and relevant regulations,policies, and principles. Also, institutions are encouraged to establish andperiodically review written procedures to ensure consistent application ofGuide standards. Supplemental information on various aspects of animalcare and use is available in other publications prepared by the Institute forLaboratory Animal Research (ILAR) and other organizations (Appendix A).References in the Guide provide the reader with additional informationthat supports statements made in the Guide. In the absence of publishedliterature, some information in the Guide is derived from currently acceptedpractice standards in laboratory animal science (see Chapter 1). The body
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4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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VETERINARy CARE10from these sources
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VETERINARy CARE 111Depending on the
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VETERINARy CARE11Specific steriliza
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VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
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VETERINARy CARE 123used in combinat
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VETERINARy CARE 125Arndt SS, Lohave
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VETERINARy CARE12Haines DC, Gorelic
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VETERINARy CARE12Morton CM, Reid J,
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appendixBU.S. Government Principles
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appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
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IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
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INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
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INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
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INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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