Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

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4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is an essential part of an animal care and use Program.The primary focus of the veterinarian is to oversee the well-beingand clinical care of animals used in research, testing, teaching, andproduction. This responsibility extends to monitoring and promoting animalwell-being at all times during animal use and during all phases of theanimal’s life. Well-being is determined by considering physical, physiologic,and behavioral indicators, which vary by species. The number, species, anduse of animals housed in an institution may influence the complexity of theveterinary care program, but a veterinary program that offers a high qualityof care and ethical standards must be provided, regardless of the numberof animals or species maintained.An adequate veterinary care program consists of assessment of animalwell-being and effective management of• animal procurement and transportation• preventive medicine (including quarantine, animal biosecurity, andsurveillance)• clinical disease, disability, or related health issues• protocol-associated disease, disability, and other sequelae• surgery and perioperative care• pain and distress• anesthesia and analgesia• euthanasia.105
106 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSThe veterinary care program is the responsibility of the attending veterinarian(AV), who is certified or has training or experience in laboratoryanimal science and medicine or is otherwise qualified in the care of thespecies being used. Some aspects of the veterinary care program can beconducted by persons other than a veterinarian, but a mechanism for directand frequent communication should be established to ensure that timelyand accurate information is conveyed to the responsible veterinarian aboutissues associated with animal health, behavior, and well-being, and thatappropriate treatment or euthanasia is administered. The AV should provideguidance to investigators and all personnel involved in the care and useof animals to ensure appropriate husbandry, handling, medical treatment,immobilization, sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, and euthanasia. In addition,the AV should provide guidance and oversight to surgery programsand perioperative care involving animals.ANIMAL PROCUREMENT AND TRANSPORTATIONAnimal ProcurementAll animals must be acquired lawfully, and the receiving institutionshould ensure that all procedures involving animal procurement are conductedin a lawful manner. Before procuring animals, the principal investigatorshould confirm that there are sufficient facilities and expertise to houseand manage the species being acquired. Procurement of animals should belinked to the prior approval of animal use and number by the IACUC (seeChapter 2, Protocol Review). If dogs and cats are obtained from randomsources, such as shelters or pounds, the animals should be inspected fortattoos or identification devices such as subcutaneous transponders (NRC2009b); such identification might indicate that an animal was a pet, and ifso, ownership should be verified. Attention should also be given to the populationstatus of the species under consideration; the threatened or endangeredstatus of species is updated annually by the Fish and Wildlife Service(DOI 2007). Appropriate records and other forms of documentation shouldbe maintained for animals acquired by an institution for its investigators.Potential vendors should be evaluated for the quality of animals theysupply. As a rule, vendors of purpose-bred animals (e.g., USDA Class Adealers) regularly provide information that describes the genetic and pathogenstatus of their colonies or individual animals and relevant clinical history(e.g., vaccination status and anthelminthic administration). The use ofpurpose-bred and preconditioned animals is therefore preferable when consistentwith the research, teaching, and testing objectives. In general, animalsused for scientific purposes should not be obtained from pet stores orpet distributors due to the unknown or uncontrolled background of animals
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GUIDEFOR THE CARE AND USE OFLABORAT
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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MembersINSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANI
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INSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANIMAL RES
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ReviewersThis eighth edition of the
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PrefaceThe purpose of the Guide for
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PREFACExwho soon recognized that th
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xiiiOVERVIEWing the growing role of
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Contents1 KEy CONCEPTS 1Applicabili
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CONTENTSxxiiiAquatic Management, 84
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CONTENTSxxSpecies-Specific Referenc
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2 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
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2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe pro
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of li
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 15ers a
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1used (C
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1severit
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 21Insti
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 23et al
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 25compe
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2Special
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2help to
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 31least
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 33disea
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 35DISAS
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3DHHS [D
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3Olfert
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3Environment, Housing,and Managemen
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ENVIRONMENT, hOUSING, ANd MANAGEMEN
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156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
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Appendices
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appendixBU.S. Government Principles
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appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
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IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
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INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
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INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
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INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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