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ENVIRONMENT, hOUSING, ANd MANAGEMENT3Georgsson L, Barrett J, Gietzen D. 2001. The effects of group-housing and relative weight onfeeding behaviour in rats. Scand J Lab Anim Sci 28:201-209.Gibson SV, Besch-Williford C, Raisbeck MF, Wagner JE, McLaughlin RM. 1987. Organophosphatetoxicity in rats associated with contaminated bedding. Lab Anim 37:789-791.Gill TJ. 1980. The use of randomly bred and genetically defined animals in biomedical research.Am J Pathol 101(3S):S21-S32.Godfrey EW, Sanders GW. 2004. Effect of water hardness on oocyte quality and embryo developmentin the African clawed frog (Xenopus laeis). Comp Med 54:170-175.Gonder JC, Laber K. 2007. A renewed look at laboratory rodent housing and management.ILAR J 48:29-36.Gonzalez RR, Kiuger MJ, Hardy JD. 1971. Partitional calorimetry of the New Zealand whiterabbit at temperatures of 5-35°C. J Appl Physiol 31:728.Gordon AH, Hart PD, Young MR. 1980. Ammonia inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion inmacrophages. Nature 286:79-80.Gordon CJ. 1990. Thermal biology of the laboratory rat. Physiol Behav 47:963-991.Gordon CJ. 1993. Temperature Regulation in Laboratory Animals. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.Gordon CJ. 2004. Effect of cage bedding on temperature regulation and metabolism of grouphousedfemale mice. Comp Med 54:63-68.Gordon CJ. 2005. Temperature and Toxicology: An integrative, comparative and environmentalapproach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Gordon CJ, Becker P, Ali JS. 1998. Behavioral thermoregulatory responses of single- and grouphousedmice. Physiol Behav 65:255-262.Green EL. 1981. Genetics and Probability in Animal Breeding Experiments. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.Green SL. 2002. Factors affecting oogenesis in the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laeis).Comp Med 52:307-312.Green SL. 2009. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference). BocaRaton, FL: CRC Press.Greenman DL, Bryant P, Kodell RL, Sheldon W. 1982. Influence of cage shelf level on retinalatrophy in mice. Lab Anim Sci 32:353-356.Gresens J. 2004. An introduction to the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Lab Anim33:41-47.Groen A. 1977. Identification and genetic monitoring of mouse inbred strains using biomedicalpolymorphisms. Lab Anim (London) II:209-214.Gunasekara AS, Rubin AL, Goh KS, Spurlock FC, Tjeerdema RS. 2008. Environmental fate andtoxicology of carbaryl. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 196:95-121.Gutleb AC, Bronkhorst M, van den Berg JHJ, Musrk AJ. 2001. Latex laboratory gloves: Anunexpected pitfall in amphibian toxicity assays with tadpoles. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol10:119-121.Haemisch A, Voss T, Gärtner K. 1994 Effects of environmental enrichment on aggressivebehaviour, dominance hierarchies and endocrine states in male DBA/2J mice. PhysiolBehav 56:1041-1048.Hahn NE, Lau D, Eckert K, Markowitz H. 2000. Environmental enrichment-related injury in amacaque (Macaca fascicularis): Intestinal linear foreign body. Comp Med 50:556-558.Hall FS. 1998. Social deprivation of neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats has distinct neurochemicaland behavioural consequences. Crit Rev Neurobiol 12:129-162.Hall JE, White WJ, Lang CM. 1980. Acidification of drinking water: Its effects on selectedbiologic phenomena in male mice. Lab Anim Sci 30:643-651.
4GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAbORATORy ANIMALSHankenson FC, Garzel LM, Fischer DD, Nolan B, Hankenson KD. 2008. Evaluation of tail biopsycollection in laboratory mice (Mus musculus): Vertebral ossification, DNA quantity,and acute behavioral responses. JAALAS 47(6):10-18.Hanifin JP, Brainard GC. 2007. Photoreception for circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioralregulation. J Physiol Anthropol 26:87-94.Hartl DL. 2000. A Primer of Population Genetics, 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Hasenau JJ, Baggs RB, Kraus AL. 1993. Microenvironments in microisolation cages usingBALB/c and CD-1 Mice. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 32:11-16.Hedrich HJ. 1990. Genetic Monitoring of Inbred Strains of Rats. New York: Gustav FischerVerlag.Heffner HE, Heffner RS. 2007. Hearing ranges of laboratory animals. JAALAS 46:20-22.Held SDE, Turner RJ, Wootton RJ. 1995. Choices of laboratory rabbits for individual or grouphousing.Appl Anim Behav Sci 46:81-91Hermann LM, White WJ, Lang CM. 1982. Prolonged exposure to acid, chlorine, or tetracyclinein drinking water: Effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity, hemagglutination titers, andreticuloendothelial clearance rates in mice. Lab Anim Sci 32:603-608.Hess SE, Rohr S, Dufour BD, Gaskill BN, Pajor EA, Garner JP. 2008. Home improvement:C57BL/6J mice given more naturalistic nesting materials build better nests. JAALAS47:25-31.Hilken G, Dimigen J, Iglauer F. 1995. Growth of Xenopus laeis under different laboratoryrearing conditions. Lab Anim 29:152-162.Hill D. 1999. Safe handling and disposal of laboratory animal waste. Occup Med14:449-468.Hoffman HA, Smith KT, Crowell JS, Nomura T, Tomita T. 1980. Genetic quality control oflaboratory animals with emphasis on genetic monitoring. In: Spiegel A, Erichsen S, SolleveldHA, eds. Animal Quality and Models in Biomedical Research. Stuttgart: GustavFischer Verlag. p 307-317.Homberger FR, Pataki Z, Thomann PE. 1993. Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection inmice by chlorine treatment of drinking water. Lab Anim Sci 43:635-637.Hotchkiss CE, Paule MG. 2003. Effect of pair-housing on operant behavior task performanceby rhesus monkeys. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 42:38-41.Hubrecht RC. 1993. A comparison of social and environmental enrichment methods for laboratoryhoused dogs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 37:345-361.Hughes HC, Reynolds S. 1995. The use of computational fluid dynamics for modeling air flowdesign in a kennel facility. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 34:49-53Ikemoto S, Panksepp J. 1992. The effect of early social isolation on the motivation for socialplay in juvenile rats. Dev Psychobiol 25:261-274.Ivy AS, Brunson KL, Sandman C, Baram TZ. 2008. Dysfunctional nurturing behavior in ratdams with limited access to nesting material: A clinically relevant model for early-lifestress. Neuroscience 154:1132-1142.Jacobs BB, Dieter DK. 1978. Spontaneous hepatomas in mice inbred from Ha:ICR Swiss stock:Effects of sex, cedar shavings in bedding, and immunization with fetal liver or hepatomacells. J Natl Cancer Inst 61:1531-1534.Jones DM. 1977. The occurrence of dieldrin in sawdust used as bedding material. Lab Anim11:137.Karolewicz B, Paul IA. 2001. Group housing of mice increases immobility and antidepressantsensitivity in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Eur J Pharmacol 415:97-201.Kaufman BM, Pouliot AL, Tiefenbacher S, Novak MA. 2004. Short- and long-term effects ofa substantial change in cage size on individually housed, adult male rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta). Appl Anim Behav Sci 88:319-330.
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GUIDEFOR THE CARE AND USE OFLABORAT
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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MembersINSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANI
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INSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANIMAL RES
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ReviewersThis eighth edition of the
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PrefaceThe purpose of the Guide for
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PREFACExwho soon recognized that th
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xiiiOVERVIEWing the growing role of
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Contents1 KEy CONCEPTS 1Applicabili
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CONTENTSxxiiiAquatic Management, 84
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CONTENTSxxSpecies-Specific Referenc
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2 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
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2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe pro
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of li
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 15ers a
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1used (C
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1severit
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 21Insti
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 23et al
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 25compe
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2Special
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2help to
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 31least
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 33disea
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 35DISAS
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3DHHS [D
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3Olfert
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3Environment, Housing,and Managemen
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Page 132 and 133: 4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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Page 140 and 141: VETERINARy CARE 113and serology. If
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Page 148 and 149: VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
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156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
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Appendices
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10GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
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appendixBU.S. Government Principles
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appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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appendixDAbout the AuthorsJanet C.
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS 205of
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APPENdIX d: AbOUT ThE AUThORS20Amer
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IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
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INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
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INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
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INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170re
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INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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