Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - Office of ...

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INdEXrecommended reading, 169-170responsibility for, 13Owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), 112PPain and distress (see also Distress)analgesics and anesthetics, 12, 121-123chronic, 122guidelines and, 12, 199-200humane endpoints, 5, 27, 123indicators of, 120-121, 123modeling/studies, 28monitoring GMAs for, 29multiple survival surgical procedures, 30postoperative, 117, 120prevention or alleviation, 5, 12, 26, 33,35, 105, 114, 120-121, 200recommended reading, 120, 188-190restraint devices, 29studies of, 34“wind-up” phenomenon, 120Parvoviruses, 113Pasteurella multocida, 112Pedigree management, 55, 76, 87Performance standard, defined, 6-7Personnel (see also Occupational healthand safety program; Training andeducation; specific personnel)animal welfare concerns and, 23-24hygiene, 18, 19, 20management, 15-24medical evaluation and preventivemedicine for, 22-23occupational health and safety program,17-23protection, 21-22security, 23Pest control, 74, 87, 110Pesticides, 65, 74Photoperiod, 47, 48, 81, 137, 143Photostressors, 47 (see alsoIllumination/lighting)Phototoxic retinopathy, 48, 49Physical hazards, 18, 19Physical plant (see also Facilities)centralized vs. decentralized, 134-135construction guidelines, 136-143,196-197corridors, 136doors to animal rooms, 13721drainage, 138floors, 137-138functional areas, 135-136general considerations, 133-135HVAC, xviii, 46-47, 139-140location, 134noise control, 142power and lighting, 141recommended reading, 196-197security and access control, 151storage areas, 141-142vibration control, 142walls and ceilings, 138-139windows, exterior, 137Phytoestrogens, 65Pigeons, 60, 180, 193Pilot studies, 26, 28Poikilothermic animals, 41, 44, 55, 80, 82,108Policies, defined, 7Population managementaquatic species, 87-88breeding, genetics, and nomenclature,75-76identification, 75, 87recordkeeping, 75-76, 87-88terrestrial species, 75-77Poultry, 44, 48, 60Practice standard, 7, 12Preventive medicineanimal biosecurity, xviii, 79, 105, 107,108, 109-110, 111, 135disease surveillance, diagnosis, andtreatment, 112-113quarantine and stabilization, 110-111separation of animals by health statusand species, 111-112Primary enclosures, 42, 43, 44-45, 46, 50-52, 72, 77, 82 (see also Cages andcaging; Microenvironment)Primates (see Nonhuman primates)Principal investigator, 5, 16, 18, 27, 28, 32,114, 155Principles (see also U.S. GovernmentPrinciples)defined, 7the Guide, 1Procedural habituation and training, 29,64-65Procedures, defined, 7Procurement of animals, 106-107
218 INdEXProtocols for animal usealternatives to animal use, 3, 5, 12, 25,27, 162-164conditioned-response, 31food and fluid regulation, 30-31IACUC review, 26-33number of animals used, 5, 12, 15, 25,26, 28, 106, 199, 201postapproval monitoring, 33-34reuse of animals, 5, 30special considerations, 27-33Three Rs, xvii, 3, 4-5, 17, 201topics considered, 25-26Public Health Service Policy on HumaneCare and Use of Laboratory Animals,1, 12, 25, 56QQuail, 60, 180, 193Quarantine and stabilization, 110-111RRabbitsbehavioral and social management, 63enrichment, 54environment, 43, 44, 49, 54, 140food and feeding, 67housing, 51, 53, 58, 59infections, 112nomenclature, 77recommended reading, 184-187sanitation of cages, 71 n.2space requirements, xviii, 59Rabies, 22Radiation hazards, 18, 20, 73, 147Rainbow trout, 112Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee,77Rat theilovirus, 112Rats (see also Rodents)acclimation, 111albino, 48-49bedding and nesting materials, 52breeding animals, 52caloric restriction, 67diseases, 45, 111, 112GMAs, 145-146identification/nomenclature, 77illumination, 48-49, 137recommended reading, 184-187,194-196space requirements, 57, 156temperature and humidity, 43, 44, 45Recordkeepingclinical care, 115population management, 75-76, 87-88Removal of animals from protocol, 26, 29,31Reportingaccidents, bites, scratches, and allergicreactions, 23animal welfare concerns, 17, 23-24hazardous conditions or “near miss”incidents, 19status of Animal care and use program,25Reproduction (see Breeding andreproduction)Reptiles, 41-42, 44, 45, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83,84, 85, 156, 178-179, 192-193Research and testing methodology,recommended reading, 165-166Research team, training and education,16-17Respirators and respiratory protection, 22,23Restraint, 29-30, 55, 122, 144Reuse of animals, 5Ringtail, 45Rodents, laboratory (see also individualspecies)acclimation, 111aggression in males, 53, 64albino animals, 48-49, 141anxiety studies, 53barrier facilities, 145-146bedding and nesting materials, 52, 53,68-69breeding, xviii, 49, 52, 57caloric restriction, 67diseases, 111, 112, 113enrichment, 53, 54euthanasia, 124GMAs, 28, 68, 145-146housing, 53, 57, 145-146identification/nomenclature, 77illumination, 48, 49, 137implanted systems, 29noise and vibration effects, 49, 50
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GUIDEFOR THE CARE AND USE OFLABORAT
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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MembersINSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANI
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INSTITUTE FOR LAbORATORy ANIMAL RES
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ReviewersThis eighth edition of the
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PrefaceThe purpose of the Guide for
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PREFACExwho soon recognized that th
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xiiiOVERVIEWing the growing role of
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Contents1 KEy CONCEPTS 1Applicabili
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CONTENTSxxiiiAquatic Management, 84
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CONTENTSxxSpecies-Specific Referenc
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2 GUIdE FOR ThE CARE ANd USE OF LAb
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2Animal Care and Use ProgramThe pro
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 13of li
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 15ers a
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM1used (C
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 21Insti
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 23et al
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 25compe
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM2Special
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 31least
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 33disea
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM 35DISAS
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ANIMAL CARE ANd USE PROGRAM3Olfert
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3Environment, Housing,and Managemen
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4Veterinary CareVeterinary care is
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VETERINARy CARE10from these sources
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VETERINARy CARE10In all cases, appr
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VETERINARy CARE 111Depending on the
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VETERINARy CARE 113and serology. If
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VETERINARy CARE 115RecordkeepingMed
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VETERINARy CARE11traffic (AORN 2006
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VETERINARy CARE11Specific steriliza
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VETERINARy CARE 121(all), anorexia
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VETERINARy CARE 123used in combinat
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VETERINARy CARE 125Arndt SS, Lohave
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VETERINARy CARE12Haines DC, Gorelic
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VETERINARy CARE12Morton CM, Reid J,
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VETERINARy CARE 131Stoskopf MK. 199
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156 AddENdUM4. Page 32. Original se
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Appendices
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Page 226 and 227: appendixBU.S. Government Principles
Page 228 and 229: appendixCStatement of TaskThe use o
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Page 236 and 237: IndexAAcclimation and adaptation, 1
Page 238 and 239: INdEX 211Behavioral and social mana
Page 240 and 241: INdEX 213Disinfection, 20, 51, 52,
Page 242 and 243: INdEX 215Hydrogen peroxide, 72Hygie
Page 246 and 247: INdEX21pain and distress, 121-122re
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