HVAC Control in the New Millennium.pdf - HVAC.Amickracing

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HVAC Control in the New Millennium• making decisions based on the input of information, and• generating actions from these decisions.Learning is one of the more obvious areas of intelligence. A lessobvious area involves built-in or inherited intelligence. Built-in intelligencemay be stored in computer memory.HVAC control depends on sensor input and interpretation. In thefuture these sensors may include speech recognition, vision, and touch.Artificial intelligence has been important in advances involvingsuch areas as expert systems, vision processing, image understanding,speed recognition, speech synthesis, and natural language understanding.Some of these areas are already finding applications in commercialcomputer products including the Internet.Search engines like Excite, Infoseek and Lycos allow you to enterqueries in plain English. You can type a question as a complete sentencein the Search Form text box: “Where can I find temperature data fornorthern Florida?” In Lycos, you type in the question in the search formtext box and select Natural Language Query.Much of artificial intelligence is occupied with trying to teachmachines to think, but artificial intelligence is also concerned with howhuman beings think. The use of intelligent computer tutoring systemsallows the computer to tell a user that an answer to a question is wrongand to pinpoint where the thinking process was in error.Levels of Artificial IntelligenceResearchers have defined three different levels of intelligence: alpha,beta, and gamma. The alpha level of intelligence is defined as anonlearning intelligence. At this level, past experiences do not enter intothe decision making process. An example of this level of intelligence arethe simple hand-held electronic chess-playing games. This game willalways repeat its moves.Beta-level IntelligenceThe beta level of intelligence has an elementary learning capability.This level of intelligence can learn from its mistakes and past failures are©2001 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic and Controlused in its decision making. Beta-level intelligence is used in chess playingrobots that will not choose the same losing move twice. These machinestry to learn from their past mistakes and experiences. A domesticrobot that is required to work around the home may need to learn itsway around the house and exhibit some beta-level intelligence.Gamma-level IntelligenceThe gamma level of intelligence uses the ability to make generalizationsfrom past experiences. This is also known as heuristics. Computerprogramming attempts to achieve this level of intelligence havenot yet been very successful and this area has not been very well defined.Gamma-level intelligence requires that averages and other statisticsbe calculated and used for general conclusions. Even among humans,drawing conclusions based on statistics often results in differentoutcomes.Built-in IntelligenceMany hand-held electronic games use some built-in intelligence.This intelligence is placed in their memories during the manufacturingprocess. They do not learn, but they may use a random number generatorto choose different moves to change the outcome of the game. Theuse of these different moves gives the appearance of a variable style ofplaying the game.Game playing machines generally use mathematical formulas tocalculate the value of an alternative move, and they often use memorizedopening and ending positions. This technique is also used in manyindustrial robots.The human nervous system uses built-in knowledge to controlfunctions such as heartbeat, breathing, temperature, digestion, reflexes,the ability to learn and the movement of information between the brainand the senses and muscles. Without this built-in intelligence we couldnot survive.Many automated devices, from clocks to windup toys and complexelectronic devices depend on built-in intelligence for their functions.In a mechanical windup clock, the intelligence for keeping track of©2001 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
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HVAC ControlIn the New Millenniumby
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Table of ContentsChapter 1Chapter 2
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The use of wireless LANs may double
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munication technologies, predict th
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ing automation. This will continue
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Heat, Ventilation and Damper Contro
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Control Technology, Microelectronic
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Advanced HVAC Control, Information
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PC-based Control, Software and Bus
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Computer Networks and Securitywork.
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Computer Networks and Securitylogic
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Computer Networks and Securitythey
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Computer Networks and Security• n
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Computer Networks and Securitywork
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Computer Networks and SecurityMany
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Computer Networks and SecurityPure
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Computer Networks and SecurityThe m
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Computer Networks and Securityavail
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Computer Networks and SecuritySever
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Computer Networks and SecurityEffic
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Computer Networks and Security 305C
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Computer Networks and Security(CAD)
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Computer Networks and Securityand f
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Computer Networks and Securitymost
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Computer Networks and Securityconne
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Computer Networks and SecurityLonMa
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Computer Networks and SecurityIn De
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Computer Networks and Securitydevic
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Computer Networks and SecurityContr
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Computer Networks and SecurityThe C
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Computer Networks and SecurityMODBU
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Computer Networks and SecurityFigur
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Computer Networks and SecurityGatew
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Computer Networks and Securitytion
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Table 9-4. Internet Services——
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