HVAC Control in the New Millennium.pdf - HVAC.Amickracing

Energy and Power Management, Distributed Control Trendsbandwidth of communication systems triples every 12 months. Newdevelopments in communications appear to confirm that bandwidthavailability will keep on expanding at a rate that supports Gilder’s Law.Metcalfe’s law comes from Robert Metcalfe, the inventor ofEthernet and founder of 3COM. It states that the value of a network isproportional to the square of the number of nodes. This means that asa network grows, the value of being connected to it grows exponentially,while the cost per user remains the same or even drops.Moore’s Law applies to ICs and may no longer be applicable as ICgeometry becomes about one atom thick. Other advances in microelectronicsmay also affect this. Lucent, among others, is conducting researchthat could allow the fabrication of multiple transistors verticallyin silicon.This suggests a cubed law instead of a squared law, which couldprovide another 20 years of doublings before the limit is reached in allthree dimensions. However, other technologies, such as bio-chips andnanotechnology, will become prevalent and override the equivalent ofMoore’s Law in the future.In the future, many people will use wearable computers. A fashiontechnology show at the Spring Internet World 2000 features the latestwireless devices for connecting to the Internet.Smart phones are cell phones that have Internet and organizercapabilities. Some such as the NeoPoint 1000 have voice recognitionwhile others like the Nokia 7190 use a dictionary that finishes words asyou input them. SwatchTalk is the world’s first watch with a built-inphone.Intelligent I/O AppliancesIn the present state-of-the-art, dumb sensors are connected to processors.The intelligence resides primarily in the central master. As theprice of processing power and memory drops, embedded processorswill be used in most sensors making them intelligent appliances (seeTable 2-4).The specifications of each sensor, actuator and measurement orcontrol product including part number, installation date, characteristics,instructions and diagnostics will be embedded in the product and beaccessible to the information network.©2001 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved.