HVAC Control in the New Millennium.pdf - HVAC.Amickracing

Energy and Power Management, Distributed Control Trendsby using some form of energy management system.Strategic conservation is often rewarded by utility rebate programs.It can include building energy audits, weatherization, high-efficiencymotors, Energy Management, DDC systems and HVAC systemsand equipment.Valley filling increases the electricity demand during off-peak periods,which allows the utility to use its power generating equipmentmore effectively. Load shifting is like valley filling, since it uses powerduring off-peak periods. Both valley filling and load shifting programsoften involve thermal storage systems.Strategic load growth is a related DSM program that encouragesdemand during certain seasons or times of the day. Flexible load shapingmodifies the load according to operating needs and can result ininterruptible or curtailment rates for customers.Consolidated Edison’s program involves organizations that canreduce their summer electricity bills without buying new equipment.During the summer months, these customers agree to reduce electricdemand by at least 200 kilowatts on demand. More than 100 organizationswere involved in this program. Duquesne Light Company in Pittsburghand Georgia Power also have interruptible economic developmentrates that operate similarly.Con Edison also offers programs with energy audits and rebatesfor efficient lighting, steam air conditioning, gas air conditioning, highefficiencyelectric air conditioning, cool storage and high-efficiencymotors.Houston Lighting & Power (HL&P) has a program to encouragethe use of cool storage technology. It provides building owners with a$300 cash incentive for each kilowatt reduction in peak demand. Thereis also a cool storage billing rate, which defines the on-peak demand asnoon to 7 p.m. Monday to Friday throughout the year. Many buildingshave increased in value and marketability as a result of these cool storageprograms. In the Dallas/Fort Worth area, Texas Utilities has morethan 135 cool storage systems in operation.Kraft General Foods and Boston Edison have an Energy-EfficiencyPartnership that has reduced the ice cream manufacturer’s cost dramatically.This project decreased the cost of producing ice cream by onethird. The ice cream manufacturer was able to upgrade most of its electricalenergy-consuming capital equipment and obtain substantial rebatesfor the energy saved. The rebates returned more than 85% of a $3©2001 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved.