global_zero_commission_on_nuclear_risk_reduction_report

GLOBAL ZERO COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION REPORTDE-ALERTING AND STABILIZING THE WORLD’S NUCLEAR FORCE POSTURESC. CURRENT AND PROPOSED NUCLEAR WEAPONS-RELATED CBMS OUTSIDE U.S.-RUSSIADATE COUNTRY CBMOct. 1964 China Declaration of No-First Use – Pledged to not use nuclear weapons unless first attacked with anuclear weapon.1966 France &U.S.S.R.1967 U.K. &U.S.S.R.July 16,1976Oct. 10,1977Dec. 31,1988France &U.S.S.R.U.K. &U.S.S.R.India &PakistanHotline Agreement – Established hotline between Paris and Moscow.Hotline Agreement – Established hotline between London and Moscow.Agreement on Prevention of Accidental or Unauthorized Use of Nuclear Weapons – Agreedto improve measures to guard against nuclear weapon accidents and immediately notify the othercountry of any nuclear accident.Agreement on Prevention of Accidental or Unauthorized Use of Nuclear Weapons – Agreedto improve measures to guard against nuclear weapon accidents and immediately notify the othercountry of any nuclear accident.Prohibition of Attack Against Nuclear Facilities – Prohibited attacks against nuclear installationsor facilities in either country; required annual exchange of lists of all nuclear-related facility locationsin each country (lists have been exchanged annually since 1992).Feb. 1994 Russia & U.K. De-targeting Agreement – Agreed to de-target nuclear weapons to empty ocean zones.Sept. 1994China &Russia1998 India &PakistanBilateral No First Use Accord – Pledged not to use nuclear weapons against each other or targeteach other with nuclear weapons.Informal CBM – Moratorium on further nuclear testing.Apr. 1998 China & U.S. Hotline Agreement – Established hotline between Beijing and Washington (activated in June1998).May 3, 1998China &RussiaHotline Agreement – Established hotline between national command authorities in Beijing andMoscow. In March 2008, a hotline was established between the Chinese and Russian DefenseMinistries to enhance bilateral cooperation.June 1998 China & U.S. Nuclear Weapons De-Targeting Agreement – Pledged not to target each other with nuclearweapons.Aug. 17,19992004 India &PakistanOct. 3, 2005Feb. 21,2007India No First Use – Announced draft policy; policy reaffirmed in 2003.India &PakistanIndia &PakistanHotline Agreement – Established hotline between Indian and Pakistani foreign ministries.Agreement on Pre-Notification of Flight Testing of Ballistic Missiles – Each country committedto notify each other in advance of ballistic missile flight tests (does not apply to cruisemissiles).Agreement on Reducing the Risk from Accidents Relating to Nuclear Weapons – Five yearagreement on improving measures to guard against nuclear weapon accidents and establish communicationmeasures between the two countries in the event of a nuclear accident; extended foran additional five years in Feb. 2012.65