global_zero_commission_on_nuclear_risk_reduction_report

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GLOBAL ZERO COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION REPORTDE-ALERTING AND STABILIZING THE WORLD’S NUCLEAR FORCE POSTURES15. Agree to a range of confidence-building stipulationsthat regulate the scope and timing of any re-alertingthat may be undertaken for any reason – training,exercising, crisis preparedness, or rotationalassumption of alert to relieve forces coming downfrom alert. Besides limiting the scope and timing ofsuch re-alerting, they will agree to give advance notificationof any re-alerting activity according to anaccepted protocol.16. Reaffirm commitment to 1991 Presidential NuclearInitiatives on eliminating nuclear weapons.17. Resume nuclear talks to resolve several specific hurdlesto arms control progress led by missile defensesand conventional imbalances in order to get nuclearsecurity cooperation back on track. Redouble effortsto find creative solutions, such as proposing to countall strategic and theater ground- and sea-based missiledefense interceptors against its New START ceilingof operationally deployed weapons.18. Other recommended steps: Establish 100-mile exclusionzones for U.S. missile defense deployments adjacentto Russian territory; exchange data on non-strategicnuclear warheads destroyed in the past 20 years;visit each other’s former naval and air force storagesites to ensure that non-strategic nuclear weapons(NSNWs) – tactical weapons – are not available forquick re-deployment; exchange declarations of intentof nuclear use including emphasizing that a strong nucleardeterrent does not require the ability to retaliateimmediately; establish formal, recurring joint seminarson nuclear doctrines and NSNWs employment;exchange declarations on missile defense programsfor the next ten years; share information on currentlocations, types and numbers of NSNWs; pledge tobe transparent about plans to modernize NSNWs;exchange information on command agreements, operationalstatus and operational security levels; agreeto separate NSNWs from delivery vehicles and keepthem de-mated; and transfer NSNWs to centralizedstorage sites, and provide advance notification whenmoving NSNWs from their current locations.19. Appoint a track II <strong>commission</strong> of experts to assess therecommendations of this report and advise governmentson next steps.B. MULTILATERAL STEPSThis <strong>commission</strong> believes that de-alerting would alsoserve the national security interests of a far larger constellationof nations including the nuclear possessor states ofChina, the United Kingdom, France, Pakistan and India,and Israel as a unique case, as well as key non-nuclearweapons countries that shelter under the umbrella of extendeddeterrence.The <strong>commission</strong> supports these multilateral steps:1. The nuclear weapons countries meet to begin consultationslaying the groundwork for a multilateralagreement limiting the alert status of their nuclearforces.2. China, India, and Pakistan, who regularly join therest of the nations in the United Nations GeneralAssembly in passing resolutions calling for the nuclearweapons countries to decrease the operationalreadiness of their nuclear forces, assume a leadingrole in the initial <strong>global</strong> de-alerting consultations andin subsequent negotiations to reach a multilateralde-alerting agreement.3. France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the UnitedKingdom participate in these consultations and negotiationsand contribute to their success by sharinginformation on their alert status, plans for de-alerting,approach to verification, and monitoring technologiesand techniques.4. Russia and the United States invite the other nuclearweapons countries as well as key non-nuclear weaponscountries to join the joint early warning center tobe established for the purposes outlined earlier – par-88
GLOBAL ZERO COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION REPORTDE-ALERTING AND STABILIZING THE WORLD’S NUCLEAR FORCE POSTURESticularly, circulating advance notifications of missilelaunches around the world and sharing real-time dataon these launches.5. The parties to the multinational de-alerting negotiationagree to (i) place and keep their nuclear forceson a low level of alert, requiring 24-72 hours to realert,(ii) reject prompt launch tactics, e.g., launch onwarning, (iii) provide pertinent information on theirde-alerted nuclear postures, (iv) allow on-site inspectionsto verify these postures according to agreedprocedures, (v) collaborate on developing furthermonitoring technologies and techniques as needed toremedy any verification shortcomings, (vi) limit thescope and timing of any re-alerting activity undertakenfor any reason, and (vii) provide prior notificationof any such re-alerting activity.10. The nuclear weapons countries and key non-nuclearcountries appoint task forces consisting of former seniornational security officers and officials to reviewthe other recommendations of this report.6. Russia and China agree to provide advance notificationof all tests of missiles capable of reaching the territoriesof the other nation.7. India and Pakistan invite a mutually acceptable facilitatorto revitalize talks on measures to improve nuclearsecurity and prevent an accidental nuclear exchange,share information on nuclear doctrines, andimprove their capabilities for crisis communications.8. India and Pakistan renounce strikes against each other’snational command authorities, establish in eachcountry a strategic risk management unit, and furtherstrengthen the safety and security of their nuclearweapons during storage, transportation, andhandling.9. NATO reaffirms the nuclear “Three NOs” (“no intention,no plan and no reason to deploy nuclear weaponson the territory of new members”) predicated onRussia committing not to deploy nuclear weapons tonew locations in European Russia.89
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