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global_zero_commission_on_nuclear_risk_reduction_report

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GLOBAL ZERO COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION REPORTDE-ALERTING AND STABILIZING THE WORLD’S NUCLEAR FORCE POSTURESKorean Peninsula – Six-Party Talks. North and SouthKorea entered into agreements in the 1990s 130 that dealtwith <strong>nuclear</strong> weap<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> the peninsula, which were lateraband<strong>on</strong>ed by North Korea as the state c<strong>on</strong>tinued to developits <strong>nuclear</strong> weap<strong>on</strong>s program.The Six-Party Talks are a successi<strong>on</strong> of multilateral discussi<strong>on</strong>s<strong>on</strong> de<strong>nuclear</strong>izing North Korea attended by theChina, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea and theUnited States. After the fourth round of talks in 2005, aJoint Statement was issued that c<strong>on</strong>tained commitmentfrom all parties to the goal of verifiable de<strong>nuclear</strong>izati<strong>on</strong>in a peaceful manner of the peninsula and agreed up<strong>on</strong>steps toward North Korean de<strong>nuclear</strong>izati<strong>on</strong>, including:131XIII. DE-ALERTING AND NATIONAL SECURITY INTERESTSAny de-alerting regime must be integrated into the broaderframework of Chinese, Russian, U.S. and others’ nati<strong>on</strong>alsecurity interests and strategies as well as their <strong>nuclear</strong> policies.Such integrati<strong>on</strong> is not a narrow technical exercise. Itdemands directi<strong>on</strong> from the highest levels.The following illustrative directive from the U.S. presidentoutlines the c<strong>on</strong>tours of a U.S. de-alerting regime within theframework of a shift in U.S. security strategy from “mutualassured destructi<strong>on</strong>” to “mutual assured security.”• Agreeing to discuss the provisi<strong>on</strong> of light water reactorto North Korea for peaceful purposes;• Normalizing relati<strong>on</strong>s, specifically between NorthKorea and the United States and North Korea and Japan;• Promoting ec<strong>on</strong>omic cooperati<strong>on</strong> in the fields of energy,tradem and investment, bilaterally and/or multilaterally,including providing electrical energy toNorth Korea;• Committing to joint efforts for lasting peace and stabilityin Northeast Asia through negotiati<strong>on</strong> of a permanentpeace regime <strong>on</strong> the Korean Peninsula at anappropriate separate forum; and• Agreeing to explore ways and means for promotingsecurity cooperati<strong>on</strong> in Northeast Asia.No new achievements were made at successive talks withthe last round occurring in 2008.130 For example, the North-South Basic Agreement signed in December1991 in which both countries agreed to respect each other’s sovereignty;resolve disputes peacefully; and establish a joint military <str<strong>on</strong>g>commissi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g>to negotiate c<strong>on</strong>fidence-building measures including arms reducti<strong>on</strong>s,the eliminati<strong>on</strong> of weap<strong>on</strong>s of mass destructi<strong>on</strong>, notificati<strong>on</strong> of militaryexercises, verificati<strong>on</strong> mechanisms, and the installati<strong>on</strong> of a hotlinebetween nati<strong>on</strong>al military authorities.131 See U.S. department of State, “Joint Statement of the Fourth Roundof the Six-Party Talks,” Beijing: September 19, 2005.69

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