global_zero_commission_on_nuclear_risk_reduction_report

GLOBAL ZERO COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION REPORTDE-ALERTING AND STABILIZING THE WORLD’S NUCLEAR FORCE POSTURESKorean Peninsula – Six-Party Talks. North and SouthKorea entered into agreements in the 1990s 130 that dealtwith nuclear weapons on the peninsula, which were laterabandoned by North Korea as the state continued to developits nuclear weapons program.The Six-Party Talks are a succession of multilateral discussionson denuclearizing North Korea attended by theChina, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea and theUnited States. After the fourth round of talks in 2005, aJoint Statement was issued that contained commitmentfrom all parties to the goal of verifiable denuclearizationin a peaceful manner of the peninsula and agreed uponsteps toward North Korean denuclearization, including:131XIII. DE-ALERTING AND NATIONAL SECURITY INTERESTSAny de-alerting regime must be integrated into the broaderframework of Chinese, Russian, U.S. and others’ nationalsecurity interests and strategies as well as their nuclear policies.Such integration is not a narrow technical exercise. Itdemands direction from the highest levels.The following illustrative directive from the U.S. presidentoutlines the contours of a U.S. de-alerting regime within theframework of a shift in U.S. security strategy from “mutualassured destruction” to “mutual assured security.”• Agreeing to discuss the provision of light water reactorto North Korea for peaceful purposes;• Normalizing relations, specifically between NorthKorea and the United States and North Korea and Japan;• Promoting economic cooperation in the fields of energy,tradem and investment, bilaterally and/or multilaterally,including providing electrical energy toNorth Korea;• Committing to joint efforts for lasting peace and stabilityin Northeast Asia through negotiation of a permanentpeace regime on the Korean Peninsula at anappropriate separate forum; and• Agreeing to explore ways and means for promotingsecurity cooperation in Northeast Asia.No new achievements were made at successive talks withthe last round occurring in 2008.130 For example, the North-South Basic Agreement signed in December1991 in which both countries agreed to respect each other’s sovereignty;resolve disputes peacefully; and establish a joint military <strong>commission</strong>to negotiate confidence-building measures including arms reductions,the elimination of weapons of mass destruction, notification of militaryexercises, verification mechanisms, and the installation of a hotlinebetween national military authorities.131 See U.S. department of State, “Joint Statement of the Fourth Roundof the Six-Party Talks,” Beijing: September 19, 2005.69