Principles of naval engineering - Historic Naval Ships Association

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^PRINCIPLES OF NAVAL ENGINEERINGPROPELLERUt STAGEPROPELLER,2nd STAGEPROPELLER,3rd STAGEOIL BAFFLESEAL RINGSTATIONARYGUIDE VANESUPPERBEARINGEXTERNAL OIL LINETO UPPER BEARINGOIL RETURNLINESTEAMCHESTNOZZLEVALVESTATIONARYBLADINGLOWERBEARINGVISCOSITYPUMPCENTRIFUGALPUMPOIL RESERVOIR— v^PRESSUREGAGETACHOMETERTHRUSTBEARINGFigure15-35. -Sectional view of three-stage vertical propeller-type blower.41638.114
integralChapter 15. -PUMPS AND FORCED DRAFT BLOWERS38.115XFigure 15-36, —Rotating assembly for threestagevertical propeller-type blower.casing. Thepart of the casing near the propellersis made in sections and is also split verticallyto allow removal of the three propellers whennecessary. The lower part of the casing, belowthe air duct, houses the turbine. The lower partof the turbine casing is welded to the oil reservoirstructure.Although all vertical propeller blowers operateon the same principle, and although theymay look very much the same from the outside,they are not identical in all details. Perhapsthe major differences to be found among verticalforced draft blowers are in connection withthe lubrication systems. Some of these differencesare noted in the following section.Blower LubricationBecause forced draft blowers must operateat very high speeds, correct lubrication of thebearings is absolutely essential. A completepressure lubrication system for supplying oilto the bearings is an . part of everyforced draft blower. Most forced draft blowershave two radial bearings and one thrust bearing;however, some blowers have two turbine bearings,two fan bearings, and a thrust bearing.The lubrication system for a horizontalforced draft blower includes a pump, an oil filter,an oil cooler, a filling connection, relief valves,oil level indicators, thermometers, pressuregages, oil sight flow indicators, and the necessarypiping. The pump is usually turned by theforced draft blower shaft but is geared down toabout one-fourth the speed of the turbine. Thelube oil is pumped from the oil reservoir, throughthe oil filter and the oil cooler, to the bearings.Oil then drains back to the reservoir bygravity.oilSimple gear pumps were used in the lubesystems of older horizontal blowers such asthose found on DD 445 and DD 692 classes ofdestroyers. These pumps were not completelysatisfactory for this use, since a simple gearpump does not supply oil to the bearings whenthe blower is turning in the wrong direction.This is a serious disadvantage in forced draftblower installations because of the possibilitythat idle blowers may be rotated in reversewhen automatic shutters fail to close. To preventdamage to the bearings from this cause,the simple gear pumps in some horizontalblowers were replaced by a special type of gearpump that continues to pump oil, without changein the direction of oil flow, when the directionof blower rotation is reversed. This alterationhas been accomplished on many ships that havehorizontal forced draft blowers.Some vertical blowers are fitted with a gearpump and alubrication system which is generallysimilar to that just described for horizontalblowers. However, most vertical blowers havequite different lubrication systems.One type of lubrication system used on somevertical forced draft blowers is shown in figure15-37. In this system, the gear pump is replacedby a centrifugal pump and a helicalgrooveviscosity pump. The centrifugal pumpimpeller is on the lower end of the main shaft,just below the lower main bearing. The viscositypump (also called a friction pump) is onthe shaft, just above the centrifugal pump impeller,inside the lower part of the main bearing.As the main shaft turns, lubricating oilgoes to the lower bearingandfrom there, by wayof the hollow shaft, to the upper bearing. Inaddition, part of the oil is pumped directly tothe upper bearing through an external supplyline. The oil is returned from the upper bearingto the oil reservoir through an externalreturn line.In this system, the lubricating oil does notgo through the oil strainer or the oil filter onits way to the bearings. Instead, oil from thereservoir is constantly being circulated throughan external filter and an external cooler andthen back to the reservoir.The viscosity pump is needed in this systembecause the pumping action of the centrifugalpump impeller is dependent upon the rpm of theshaft. At low speeds, the centrifugal pump cannotdevelop enough oil pressure to adequatelylubricate the bearings. At high speeds, thecentrifugal pump alone would develop more oil417
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PRINCIPLES OFNAVAL ENGINEERINGPrepa
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CREDITSThe illustrations indicated
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PART l-THE NAVAL SHIPChapter 1Chapt
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CHAPTERSFUNDAMENTALS OF SHIP PROPUL
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Chapter 5-FUNDAMENTALS OF SHIP PROP
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Chapter 5- FUNDAMENTALS OF SHIP PRO
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CHAPTER 8INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNA
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CHAPTER 10PROPULSION BOILERSIn the
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CHAPTER13CONDENSERS AND OTHER HEAT
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CHAPTER 14PIPING, FITTINGS, AND VAL
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CHAPTER 19REFRIGERATION AND AIR CON
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CHAPTER 22DIESEL AND GASOLINE ENGIN
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CHAPTER 23GAS TURBINESThe gas turbi
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Chapter 23. -GAS TURBINEGAS -GENERA
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Chapter 23. -GAS TURBINEGAS PRODUCI
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Chapter 23. -GAS TURBINE147.145Figu
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Chapter 24. -NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSCL
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. STEAMChapter 24. -NUCLEAR POWER P
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Chapter 25. -NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NA
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Chapter 25, -NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NA
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Chapter 25. -NEW DEVELOPMENT IN NAV
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INDEXComponents and accessories-Con
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INDEXMain line shaft bearing, 96Mai
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INDEXShipboard electrical systems-C
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