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PRINCIPLES OF NAVAL ENGINEERINGMAGNETIC COIBREAKAWAY PINVALVE STEMPLUNGERVALVE SEATPISTONINLETÔUTLETELECTRICALCONNECTIONSMAGNETBELLOWSCONNECTORROD—SPRINGCAPTOTHERMO-BULBSPRINGFigure 19-10.— Solenoid valve (top) and thermostatic control switch (bottom).47.98The saturation point is usually called thedew point. If the temperature of saturated airfalls below its dew point, some of the watervapor in the air must condense into water. Thedew that is visible in early morning after adrop in temperature is the result of such condensation.The sweating of cold water pipes isthe result of water vapor from the air condensingon the cold surfaces of the pipes.The amount of water vapor in the air is expressedin terms of the weight of the watervapor. This weight is usually given in grains(7000 grains : 1 pound). Absolute humidity isthe weight of water vapor (in grains) per cubic484
Chapter 19. -REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING PLANTS168.4XFigure 19- 11.-Water regulating valve (crosssection.)PRESSUREINDICATED INBUCKTEMPERATURE INDICATEDIN REDfoot of air. Specific humidity is the weight ofwater vapor (in grains) per pound of air. Itshould be noted that the weight refers only tothe weight of the moisture which is present inthe vapor state; it does not include moisturethat may be present in the liquid state.Relative humidity is the ratio of the weightof water vapor in a sample of air to the weightof water vapor which that same sample of airwould hold if saturated at the existing temperature.This ratio is usually stated as apercentage. For example, when air is fully saturated,its relative humidity is 100 percent.When air contains no moisture at all, its relativehumidity is zero percent. When air is halfsaturated— that is, holding half as much moistureas it is capable of holding at the existingtemperature— its relative humidity is 50 percent.Relative humidity, rather than absolute humidityor specific humidity, is the factor thataffects comfort. This is true because it is therelative humidity that affects evaporation. Moisturetends to travel from regions of greaterwetness to regions of lesser wetness. If the airabove a liquid is saturated, the liquid and thevapor are in equilibrium contact and no furtherevaporation can take place. If the air above theliquid is only partly saturated, some evaporationcan take place.A specific example may illustrate the differencebetween absolute or specific humidity andrelative humidity. If the specific humidity ofthe air is 120 grains per pound and the temperatureof the air is 76' F, the relative humidityis nearly 90 percent— that is, the air is nearlysaturated. With a relative humidity of 90 percent,the body may perspire freely but theperspiration does not evaporate rapidly; hencethere is a general feeling of discomfort.If the temperature of the air is 86° F, however,with the specific humidity remainingconstant at 120 grains per pound, the relativehumidity is only 64 percent. Although theamount of moisture in the air is the same asbefore, the relatively humidity is lower becauseat 86 °F the air is capable of holding more watervapor than it can hold at 76° F. The body cantherefore evaporate excess moisture and thegeneral feeling of comfort is much greater eventhough the temperature is 10 degrees higher.Figure47.10219-12.— Compound R-12 pressure gage.TEMPERATURE. -When testing the effectivenessof air conditioning equipment and whenchecking the humidity of spaces, two different485
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PRINCIPLES OFNAVAL ENGINEERINGPrepa
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CHAPTER 8INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNA
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CHAPTER 10PROPULSION BOILERSIn the
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CHAPTER13CONDENSERS AND OTHER HEAT
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CHAPTER 14PIPING, FITTINGS, AND VAL
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CHAPTER 22DIESEL AND GASOLINE ENGIN
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Chapter 24. -NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSCL
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Chapter 25. -NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NA
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Chapter 25, -NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NA
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INDEXComponents and accessories-Con
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INDEXMain line shaft bearing, 96Mai
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INDEXShipboard electrical systems-C
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