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PRINCIPLES OF NAVAL ENGINEERINGDRIVE SHAFTDRIVEN SHAFT(THREE LOBE)MANHOLETUBE SHEETFUNNELINSULATIONDOWNTAKEBRINE OVERFLOW TUBEELECTRICHEATERS-DRAIN-^*-BRINE OVERFLOW OUTLETFigure 18-2.— Cutaway view of vapor compression distilling plant.75.286452
Chapter 18. -DISTILLING PLANTSEVAPORATOR. — The cylindrical shell inwnich vaporization and condensation occur iscommonly called the evaporator. The evaporatorconsists of two principal elements: the steamchest and the vapor separator.The steam chest^ includes all space withinthe evaporator shell except the space that is occupiedby the vapor separator. The steam chestis considered to have an evaporating side and acondensing side. The evaporating side includesthe space within the tubes of the tube bundle(which is located in the lower part of the evaporatorshell) and the space which communicateswith the inside of the tubes. The condensing sideincludes the space which surrounds the externalsurfaces of the tubes; this space communicateswith the discharge side of the compressor bymeans of a pipe, as shown in figure 18-3.The tube bundle is enclosed in a shell. Attop and bottom of the bundle the tube ends areexpanded into tube sheets. Most of the tubes aresmall; but a few, set near the periphery,are larger. Each of the larger tubes contains anelectric heater. As the sea water feed flowsthrough these larger tubes, it is heated to theboiling point by the heaters.The feed inlet pipe extends horizontally to thecenter of the evaporator, where it branches intoa Y. The two ends of the feed pipe turn downwardinto the downtake, as shown in figure 18-?. Seawater feed enters the evaporator through thehorizontal inlet pipe, pours into the downtake, andpasses down to the bottomheadof the evaporatorshell; from there, the feed flows upward throughthe tubes.A funnel is installed inside the downtake, atthe top. The top of the funnel is about 2 inchesabove the top of the evaporator tubes, and thebrine level in the evaporator shell is thus maintainedat this height. About one-half to twothirdsof the feed is vaporized; the remainingbrine overflows continuously into the funnel andthen into the brine overflow tube which isinstalled inside the downtake. The overflow tubeleads the brine out through the bottom ofthe evaporator shell, to the heat exchanger. Inthe heat exchanger, the brine gives up its heat andraises the temperature of the incoming feed.The vapor separator is an internal compartmentlocated at the top of the evaporator shell.3 "Steam chest" is a somewhat misleading term for aunit which is not operated by steam and which has nosteam coming into it from an external source. Althoughcalled a steam chest, it might more accurately bethought of as a "vapor chest."The separator consists of two cylindrical baffles.One cylinder extends downward from theupper head plate of the evaporator; the other extendsupward, and is fitted around the upper cylinderto form a baffle. The floor of the separatoris formedby the bottom of the outer cylinder. Thespace between the two cylinders provides a passagefor the vapor flowing from the evaporatingside of the steam chest to the suction side of thecompressor.The vapor from the boiling sea water risesup through the space between the shell wall andouter cylinder of the separator; it then flowstliedownward through the space between the cylindersof the separator and enters the separatorchamber. From the separator chamber, thevapor travels upward to the intake side of thecompressor.In the course of this roundabout passagethrough the vapor separator, the vapor is separatedfrom any entrained particles of water. Thewater drops to the floor of the separator and iscontinuously drained away. This water has a highsalt concentration, and must be continuouslydrained in order to keep it from enteringthe compressor and thus getting into the condensingside of the evaporator, where it wouldcontaminate the distillate.VAPOR COMPRESSOR.- The vapor whichflows upward from the separator is compressedby a positive-displacement compressor. Thetype of compressor discussed here has twothree-lobe rotors of the type shown in the inserton figure 18-2 and in figure 18-3. Two- lobe compressorsof the type shown in the main part offigure 18-2 were an earlier design.The two rotors are enclosed in a compacthousing which is mounted on the evaporator. Thethree lobes on each rotor are designed to producea continuous and uniform flow of vapor. The vaporenters the compressor housing at the bottom andthen passes upward between the inner and outerwalls of the housing to the rotor chamber, whereit fills the space between the rotor lobes. Thevapor is then carried around the cylindrical sidesof the housing, and a pressure is developed at thebottom as the lobes roll together. Clearances areprovided so that the rotor lobes do not actuallytouch each other and do not touch the housing.The shaft of one rotor is fitted with a drivepulley on one end and a gear on the other end.This gear meshes with a gear on the shaft of theother rotor, to provide the necessary drive forthe second rotor.453
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PRINCIPLES OFNAVAL ENGINEERINGPrepa
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CHAPTER 8INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNA
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CHAPTER 10PROPULSION BOILERSIn the
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CHAPTER13CONDENSERS AND OTHER HEAT
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CHAPTER 14PIPING, FITTINGS, AND VAL
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CHAPTER 15PUMPS AND FORCED DRAFT BL
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Page 435 and 436: Chapter 16. -AUXILIARY STEAM TURBIN
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Page 449 and 450: CHAPTER 17COMPRESSED AIR PLANTSComp
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CHAPTER 22DIESEL AND GASOLINE ENGIN
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CHAPTER 23GAS TURBINESThe gas turbi
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Chapter 23. -GAS TURBINEGAS -GENERA
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Chapter 24. -NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSCL
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. STEAMChapter 24. -NUCLEAR POWER P
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Chapter 25. -NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NA
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Chapter 25, -NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NA
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INDEXComponents and accessories-Con
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INDEXMain line shaft bearing, 96Mai
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INDEXShipboard electrical systems-C
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