ECONOMY

668 democratization
McFaul,M.,Petrov,N.,andRyabov,A.2004. Between Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian
Post-Communist Political Reform. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace.
McMann, K.2000. Symbiotic transitions: democratic development and economic independence
in post-Soviet provinces. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
Mainwaring, S.1993. Presidentialism, multipartism, and democracy: the difficult combination.
Comparative Political Studies, 26: 198–228.
Moore,B.1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making
oftheModernWorld. Boston: Beacon Press.
Motyl, A.1997. Structural constraints and starting points: the logic of systemic change in
Ukraine and Russia. Comparative Politics, 29: 433–47.
Munck, G.,andLeff, C.S.1997. Modes of transition and democratization: South America
and eastern Europe in comparative perspective. Comparative Politics, 29: 343–62.
O’Donnell, G.1993. On the state, democratization, and some conceptual problems: a Latin
American view with glances at some postcommunist countries. World Development, 21:
1355–69.
1994. Delegativedemocracy.Journal of Democracy, 5: 55–69.
1996. Illusions about consolidation. Journal of Democracy, 7: 34–51.
1998. Horizontal accountability in new democracies. Journal of Democracy, 9: 112–26.
and Schmitter,P.1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about
Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
O’Loughlin, J.,Ward, M.D.,Lofdahl, C.L.,Cohen, J.S.,Brown, D.S.,Reilly, D.,
Gleditsch, K.S.,andShin, M.1998. Thediffusion of democracy, 1946-1994. Annals of the
Association of American Geographers, 88: 545–74.
Orttung,R.1995. From Leningrad to Saint Petersburg: Democratization in a Russian City.New
York:StMartin’sPress.
Przeworski,A.1991. Democracy and the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
and Limongi, F.1997. Modernization: theories and facts. World Politics, 49: 155–83.
Alvarez, M.E.,Cheibub, J.,andLimongi, F.2000. Democracy and Development: Political
Institutions and Well-Being in the World 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Quade, Q.L.1991. Proportional representation and democratic statecraft. Journal of Democracy,
2: 36–41.
Reddaway,P.2001. Will Putin be able to consolidate power? Post-Soviet Affairs, 17: 23–44.
Schmitter, P., with Karl, T.L.1994. The conceptual travels of transitologists and consolidationologists:
how far should they attempt to go? Slavic Review, 53: 173–85.
Schumpeter,J.1950. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.NewYork:HarperandRow.
Shevtsova, L.2001. Russia’s hybrid regime. Journal of Democracy, 12: 65–70.
Smyth, R.2002. Building state capacity from the inside out: parties of power and the success
of the president’s reform agenda in Russia. Politics and Society, 30: 555–78.
Starr,H.1991. Democratic dominoes: diffusion approaches to the spread of democracy in the
international system. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 35: 356–81.
Stepan, A.,andSkach, C.1993. Constitutional frameworks and democratic consolidation:
parliamentarism versus presidentialism. World Politics, 46: 1–22.
Vachudova, M.2001. The leverage of international institutions on democratizing states: the
European Union and eastern Europe. RSCAS Working Paper No. 2001/33.
van de Walle,N.1999. Economic reform in democratizing Africa. Comparative Politics,Oct.:
21–41.
2002.Africa’srangeofregimes.Journal of Democracy, 13: 66–80.