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Inclusive CITIES The pursuit of urban social and spatial freedoms for all 4 picturenet.co.za
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
Page 74 and 75: SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
Page 76 and 77: Spatial transformation needs respon
Page 78 and 79: What is Required to Transform South
Page 80 and 81: Transformation of management and ca
Page 83 and 84: PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
Page 85 and 86: Introduction South Africa is headin
Page 87 and 88: Congestion and pressure on resource
Page 89 and 90: transportation networks. Land-use p
Page 91 and 92: strategies in separate silos, with
Page 93 and 94: The Economic Role and Performance o
Page 95 and 96: • Johannesburg is South Africa’
Page 97 and 98: Nevertheless, recent economic fores
Page 99 and 100: • In the last five years, Tshwane
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
Page 103 and 104: Over the last 10 years, at a sector
Page 105 and 106: There is a marked correlation betwe
Page 107 and 108: Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
Page 111 and 112: development role set out in the 199
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.3: Key economic development
Page 115 and 116: • eThekwini has an active economi
Page 117 and 118: Both types of township are low-inco
Page 119 and 120: Informal economy and self-employmen
Page 121 and 122: South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
Page 123: PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
Page 127 and 128: Introduction “Inclusive“ means
Page 129 and 130: 3. The social function of the city
Page 131 and 132: Inclusion in South Africa’s Citie
Page 133 and 134: Access to good basic services The s
Page 135 and 136: (SACN, 2014a: 15). Post-1994, Johan
Page 137 and 138: JOB ACCESS FOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS: The
Page 139 and 140: South Africa’s transport laws and
Page 141 and 142: Ethekwini metro uMngeni KwaDukuza u
Page 143 and 144: As Figure 4.9 shows, inequality lev
Page 145 and 146: Figure 4.10 clearly illustrates tha
Page 147 and 148: GENTRIFICATION: Exploring alternati
Page 149 and 150: including township regeneration pro
Page 151 and 152: Crime: Does fear of crime prevent y
Page 153 and 154: Figure 4.11: Protests in metros 201
Page 155 and 156: If adopted as part of municipal pla
Page 157 and 158: to public transport is generally in
Page 159: Inclusive CITIES 159 4
Page 162 and 163: Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 The typical
Page 164 and 165: (environmental thresholds). Living
Page 166 and 167: Sustainable Energy Sustainable ener
Page 168 and 169: Renewable energy Small-scale, local
Page 170 and 171: Cities have introduced energy effic
Page 172 and 173: A fundamental lesson from the citie
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Over the past two decades, waste co
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Figure 5.7: Recycling figures for t
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The waste sector is undergoing a gl
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Figure 5.11: Depiction of in- and o
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The type of sanitation system and h
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Although the country is considered
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Development Plan for the Developmen
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Cities should go beyond providing a
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Table 5.2 shows how urban land uses
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The coastal land can be broadly cla
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Climate change Climate change is no
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An analysis of three cities - Johan
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Conclusion Sustainability needs to
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WELL-GOVERNED CITIES Growing from f
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Introduction The standard and value
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In addition to defining the paramet
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The Department of Cooperative Gover
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Figure 6.4: Governing strategies th
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local government creates vertical a
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Electoral politics in tension with
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The higher voter turnouts in 2011 w
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funded by the World Bank in Ethiopi
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3. Not having permanent CFOs and MM
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Figure 6.8: LGMIM scores FINAL MODE
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These codes define the ideal nature
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sound financial management practice
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Cities face shortfalls in revenues,
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The main challenges for aligning ur
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of the metros scored close to 7 out
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Figure 6.11: Expanded conception of
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devolve properly the relevant power
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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Financial Reporting and Oversight S
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Figure 7.1: Reporting and oversight
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Aligning Budgeting and Outcomes The
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Evolution of Financial Policies in
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• Bulk purchases (of water and el
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Municipal revenue Since 2008, SACN
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sales will undoubtedly reduce, as c
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As Figure 7.7 shows, all the SACN c
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Table 7.5: Expenditure on employees
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Figure 7.10: Bad debt per city (201
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view is that roads are not being ma
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Table 7.8: Underspending of capital
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• In 2013, the City of Tshwane ra
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arrier to innovation in environment
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Cities construct, acquire, operate
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Municipalities rely on own revenue
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• Alternative, which is where ele
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Project preparation needs to be dev
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ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Creating enabl
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Introduction The State of South Afr
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Broadening access to the economy Ec
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“developmental state” that addr
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Despondent government officials For
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This section has highlighted some o
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Given the complexity of role-player
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The ability of poor and vulnerable
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The Infrastructure Dialogues attemp
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emergency services, and land tenure
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From available information (ibid) t
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Table 8.2: The different types of p
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Our Cities as Dynamic Local Systems
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Figure 8.5: An urban innovation fra
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Table 8.3: Enabling interventions b
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ENABLING ENVIRONMENT 307 8
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City profiles Individual city repor
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People and Households Size of city
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Sleeper Site development Introducti
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• Add urban amenities that foster
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City of cape town @ntatendaba
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme As p
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The overall goal was to use WDC2014
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Aerotroplis Introduction Airports h
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Time-distance analysis AVIATION INT
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City of eThekwini @jethrosnyderspho
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme The
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Reflections A significant achieveme
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Corridors of Freedom Introduction I
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Proposed interventions • Empire/P
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MANGAUNG @thabz_wa_lepantsola
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
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Overview of flagship programme •
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involved to prevent them from becom
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Pietermaritzburg Urban Renewal Prog
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Ongoing maintenance and cleanliness
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Nelson Mandela Bay @mlungisibusakwe
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme The
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The experience of MBDA and SPUU in
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Wi-Fi project Introduction City-wid
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Reflections Critics of the project
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SoCR 2016 Data Almanac Introducing
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Improving Access to City Data Citie
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3. SACN theme (inclusive, productiv
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Indicator DEMOGRAPHIC Definition 1
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Indicator INCLUSIVE CITIES Definiti
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Indicator WELL-GOVERNED CITIES Defi
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Example: Three dimensional spatial
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KZN LGMIM LUMS M&E MCEP MFMA MIG MI
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. . . Figure 3.12 Changes in the ed
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tables . . . . Table 3.1 Narrow and
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The Routledge Handbook on Cities of
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SACN. 2014. Spatial Transformation
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Peberdy S. 2015. Informal sector en
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Mathivet, C. 2010. The Right to the
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Khumalo, L., Chetty, S. and Thompso
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Schulz Herzenberg C. 2012, Trends i
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References for Chapter 8 Arnstein S
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