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These indicators were evaluated on the basis of : • Relevance to the cities themselves • Informing planning and management of cities • Ability to inform decision making for cities • Usefulness as local and international benchmarks • Enablement of learning within and across cities • Data availability and transparency • Comparability of data across the cities The data collection process focused on populating as many of the core indicators as possible, and then the longer list of secondary or supporting indicators. Where the data for core indicators does not exist, a suitable alternative data source was sought. Where possible, time series data was collected and the frequency of data collection recorded, so that the indicator database becomes a living and expanding resource base. Data population in the Almanac was completed during 2016 in the lead up to publishing the SoCR. Any additional data that was collected during the development of the chapters has been included in the Almanac. The Almanac Contents This section lists the consolidated list of indicators in the data almanac. A short-list of core indicators covers the main SACN thematic areas (Inclusive, Productive, Governance, and Sustainable Cities, and basic Demography) and totals 103 indicators. The expanded list of secondary indicators covers a more comprehensive set of city indicators, bringing the cumulative total to 217 indicators. Additional city-level data that was collected in support of the chapters of the SoCR is also integrated into the almanac (for example additional economic and urban safety indicators). The longer list of indicators includes the consolidated list of indicators across municipalities, SACN indicators, GCIF and WCCD indicators. This list is a more comprehensive municipal “dashboard” and urban governance indicator set, as well as meeting SoCR benchmarking needs. The indicators are organised according to the thematic areas. In addition, a selected set of these indicators has been included in the SoCR City Profiles, depicted graphically. The data can also be accessed per city profile. The full data set can also be sorted and filtered per user preference. The indicator table for download includes a detailed Indicators Specification (metadata) which informs the indicators and includes the following fields which are populated with available information: 1. Indicator name 2. Indicator definition 386 State of South African Cities Report 2016
3. SACN theme (inclusive, productive, sustainable, well-governed) 4. SACN sub-theme (e.g. access and mobility, planning and design, sustainable transport) 5. SACN programme (e.g. human settlements, public transport, economy, water) 6. Core / secondary indicator 7. Data source and website link (where available) 8. Contact details 9. Date of collection 10. Date data available 11. Links 12. Resolution of data (province, city, ward, suburb, enumerator area, etc) 13. Frequency of collection (3–5 yearly, annual, quarterly, monthly, when available) 14. Spatial (e.g. location, distribution, GIS data availability) 15. Form (e.g. total, ratio to total & national average, short term & long term trends, sector) 16. Unit of analysis 17. Relevant legislation 18. Notes Where to find the Almanac The full almanac database is available for download from the SACN Website (www.sacities.net), via the SoCR 2016 page. The almanac can be downloaded in the following formats: • Full Almanac (as an Excel spreadsheet) • Download per theme: ◦◦ Demographic data ◦◦ Inclusive cities ◦◦ Productive cities ◦◦ Well-governed cities ◦◦ Sustainable cities • City profile data per city (9 cities) • Indicators specification (metadata) Way forward: SCODA Beyond 2016 Beyond the SoCR 2016, the vision is to create SCODA as on online living resource and database for cities. The project will move beyond a simple data catalogue to a full interactive data portal that can also serve as an ISO-certified city system for data and indicators, which ultimately feeds directly into cities’ reporting requirements. ALMANAC SoCR 2016 Data Almanac 387
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
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The implementation of CBP through t
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According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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The chapters in this State of Citie
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Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Ensuring city transformation throug
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Roadmap to the city dashboards All
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Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
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CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
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Overview of flagship programme The
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Reflections While the development o
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People and Households Size of city
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Design Capital Introduction Cities
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Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
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City of Ekurhuleni @moography
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme Situ
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the corporate structure and governa
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Page 338 and 339: Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
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Page 343 and 344: City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
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Page 347 and 348: Overview of flagship programme The
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Page 354 and 355: Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360: Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
Page 365: In addition, the PURP includes the
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Page 372 and 373: A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 379 and 380: Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
Page 381: The coverage map below shows the pl
Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393: Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397: Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399: FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401: . . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403: References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405: FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 406 and 407: Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
Page 408 and 409: References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411: Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413: DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415: National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416: Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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