cities

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PRE–1994 building POLICY 1994–2003 building HOUSES IMPLEMENTATION LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT POLICY STRATEGY CITIES PERSPECTIVES/ REALITIES Framing response to the housing crisis and spatial fragmentation Establish housing rights. Determining policy vehicle. 1992–1994 The National Housing Forum: aim was to develop consensus among stakeholders. 1994 National Housing Summit and Botshabelo Accord: stakeholders agreed to proceed with two approaches: (1) state would facilitate housing delivery processes, (2) private sector would identify land and construct housing by accessing subsidies on behalf of shelter seekers.. Racial segregation of towns and cities Low standard and poor quality housing High levels of informality Poor services, infrastructure and amenities Dysfunctional and fragmented local government Local government lacking the political legitimacy and financial capacity to fulfill the local mandate (incl. the housing programme which was to be delivered by national and provincial government) Reconstruction and Development Plan (RDP) Build low-income subsidised housing. Encourage banks to lend to low-income markets, thereby creating unified housing markets. 1994 RDP: Sets out policy to reconstruct the country and meet basic needs 1994 White Paper on Housing: shaped by the prevailing housing context, past housing practices and apartheid-planning settlement laws. 2000 National Housing Code, in accordance with Section 4 of Housing Act 107 of 1997: large metros rewrote their housing policies to align with BNG, which also gave municipalities greater responsibilities for housing and raised the bar for types of housing provided by the state Constitution of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996: everyone has the right to have access to adequate housing, and the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of this right. Housing Act 107 of 1997: outlines housing development roles of national, provincial and local government. PIE Act 19 of 1998: protects ‘unlawful occupiers’ from arbitrary eviction e.g. court shall not evict those ‘unlawful occupiers’ who shall be left homeless as a result of the evictions. Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999: regulates the relationship between landlord and tenant and outlines obligations for government Grootboom Case (2000) In a groundbreaking judgement, the Constitutional Court ruled that the state was not only responsible for providing medium to long term responses to shelter but also for providing emergency shelter where the evictions resulted in no alternative shelter for evictees. Individual Housing Subsidy Programme: capital grant to households earning
2004–2014 building HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Breaking New Ground (BNG) Develop sustainable human settlements. Improve spatial integration and housing assets. Upgrade and eradicate informal settlements and begin the process of accreditation. 2004 Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Human Settlements (BNG) 2005 Social Contract for Rapid Housing Delivery: compact between government, private sector and civil society to accelerated delivery of housing and shelter. 2007 Inclusionary Housing Policy: private sector gain development rights and in return contribute 20–30% to building low-income housing. 2010 Outcome 8: informal settlement upgrading, accreditation, the land and property market become key focus areas. 2014 building URBAN COMMUNITIES National Development Plan (NDP) Take a long-term perspective. Focus on spatial integration, sustainability, efficiency and balance, and integrated urban settlements. 2012 NDP: long-term strategic framework. Seeks to transform human settlements and entrenched spatial patterns that exacerbate social inequality and economic inefficiency. Current context Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF): plan for transforming our cities in an integrated way. Accreditation: municipalities gradually take over national/provincial housing functions Current Gap: The need for a Sustainable Human Settlements Policy or Green Paper 2 Rental Housing Amendment Act 43 of 2007: amends the Rental Housing Act, 1999, makes further provision for rulings by Rental Housing Tribunals and expands the provisions pertaining to leases. Social Housing Act 16 of 2008: defines the functions of national, provincial and local governments in respect of social housing, and establishes the Social Housing Regulatory Authority. Housing Development Agency Act 23 of 2008: establishes the Housing Development Agency. Housing Act of 2009 (Amended). Blue Moonlight (2011) The Constitutional Court ruled that not only was the state (and local government in particular) responsible for finding alternative accommodation for people evicted from state property but that the same treatment should be afforded to people evicted from private property. Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP) Enhanced People’s Housing Process (EPHP) Social Housing Programme Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) Finance Linked Individual Subsidy Programme (FLISP) Institutional Housing Subsidy Programme (IHSP) Community Residential Units Programme (CRU) Devolving other Built Environment functions to the local level Transport devolution (the National Land Transport Act of 2009): local government well placed to drive more effective and efficient public transport networks through increased integration. Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA): municipalities have to drive planning at the local level and ensure that it aligns with this legislation, aimed at addressing the historical imbalances and at integrating sustainable development principles. Urban Settlements Development Grant (USDG) seeks to support the development of sustainable human settlements and improved quality of life for households through accelerating the provision of serviced land with secure tenure for low-income households in the large urban areas by supplementing municipal resources. Integrated City Development Grant (ICDG) the grant provides metropolitan municipalities with incentives to improve spatial development considerations in their planning and job creation. Neighbourhood Development Partnership Grant (NDPG) Its purpose is to fund, support and facilitate the planning and development of neighbourhood development programmes and projects that provide catalytic infrastructure to leverage third-party public and private sector investment for future and more sustainable development. Social housing: rental response and urban development. Increasing emphasis on the role of cities in responding to emergency housing or alternative housing typologies Citizen participation Infrastructure service delivery is a critical component of the human settlements sector SETTLEMENTS Spatial transformation and governance. Spatial governance. Active citizenry and co-production (inclusion of vulnerable groups) . Responsibility for sustainable settlements (full mandate through accreditation). Enable sustainable livelihoods and access. SACN©2014 THE SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF SOUTH AFRICA’S CITIES 67
Page 1 and 2:
State of south african cities Repor
Page 4 and 5:
The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
Page 6 and 7:
FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
Page 8 and 9:
Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
Page 10 and 11:
Overview: State of South African Ci
Page 12 and 13:
CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
Page 17 and 18: State of Cities Reporting Over the
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
Page 21 and 22: The consequence of this rapid urban
Page 23 and 24: LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
Page 25 and 26: Addressing these challenges require
Page 27 and 28: TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
Page 29 and 30: Key issues for South African cities
Page 31 and 32: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.8: Population change total
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
Page 37 and 38: Significant densification through b
Page 39 and 40: Increased densities and demand have
Page 41 and 42: Global networks versus domestic res
Page 43: Informed by five years of research
Page 46 and 47: Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
Page 48 and 49: In cities, economic and social ineq
Page 50 and 51: Undesirable current spatial configu
Page 52 and 53: neighbouring municipalities are not
Page 54 and 55: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 56 and 57: Built environment investments not s
Page 58 and 59: The cost of fragmentation In additi
Page 60 and 61: associated land uses benefit all, n
Page 62 and 63: Local government is best placed to
Page 64 and 65: Competing land interests need to be
Page 68 and 69: The 2011 State of South African Cit
Page 70 and 71: The most recent National Household
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
Page 74 and 75: SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
Page 76 and 77: Spatial transformation needs respon
Page 78 and 79: What is Required to Transform South
Page 80 and 81: Transformation of management and ca
Page 83 and 84: PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
Page 85 and 86: Introduction South Africa is headin
Page 87 and 88: Congestion and pressure on resource
Page 89 and 90: transportation networks. Land-use p
Page 91 and 92: strategies in separate silos, with
Page 93 and 94: The Economic Role and Performance o
Page 95 and 96: • Johannesburg is South Africa’
Page 97 and 98: Nevertheless, recent economic fores
Page 99 and 100: • In the last five years, Tshwane
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
Page 103 and 104: Over the last 10 years, at a sector
Page 105 and 106: There is a marked correlation betwe
Page 107 and 108: Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
Page 111 and 112: development role set out in the 199
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.3: Key economic development
Page 115 and 116: • eThekwini has an active economi
Page 117 and 118:
Both types of township are low-inco
Page 119 and 120:
Informal economy and self-employmen
Page 121 and 122:
South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
Page 123:
PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
Page 126 and 127:
Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
Page 128 and 129:
Andile’s story This is based on a
Page 130 and 131:
of that ward participate in making
Page 132 and 133:
Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
Page 134 and 135:
These service delivery gains have c
Page 136 and 137:
YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
Page 138 and 139:
However, when the NWAC is superimpo
Page 140 and 141:
Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
Page 142 and 143:
As mentioned, urban integration is
Page 144 and 145:
Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
Page 146 and 147:
Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
Page 148 and 149:
Urban safety South Africa’s citie
Page 150 and 151:
City’s unemployment rate is about
Page 152 and 153:
Collective violence 7 Two main dime
Page 154 and 155:
Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
Page 156 and 157:
Furthermore, citizen education and
Page 158 and 159:
South Africa requires a spatial pol
Page 161 and 162:
SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
Page 163 and 164:
Introduction Since 1994, the govern
Page 165 and 166:
will need to have low-emissions gro
Page 167 and 168:
Most of South Africa’s energy con
Page 169 and 170:
Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
Page 171 and 172:
• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
Page 173 and 174:
WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
Page 175 and 176:
500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
Page 177 and 178:
facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
Page 181 and 182:
As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
Page 183 and 184:
Accelerating the transition to sust
Page 185 and 186:
disadvantaged groups, through facil
Page 187 and 188:
Accelerating the transition to food
Page 189 and 190:
Biodiversity South Africa is the th
Page 191 and 192:
Open spaces Ecological and social o
Page 193 and 194:
in the city and in their homes then
Page 195 and 196:
Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
Page 197 and 198:
Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
Page 199:
Recommendations Develop and embed a
Page 202 and 203:
Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
Page 204 and 205:
informal political and social cultu
Page 206 and 207:
Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
Page 208 and 209:
While these dynamics are critical a
Page 210 and 211:
Blurred intergovernmental responsib
Page 212 and 213:
Access to information As many ward
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
Page 216 and 217:
COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
Page 218 and 219:
The right people are not necessaril
Page 220 and 221:
Local government will require new k
Page 222 and 223:
All the cities have performance man
Page 224 and 225:
Unethical behaviour is one of the r
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
Page 228 and 229:
Service Delivery and Development As
Page 230 and 231:
Still playing catch-up on basic ser
Page 232 and 233:
knew anything about the city’s ID
Page 234 and 235:
The established routines need to ch
Page 237 and 238:
FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
Page 239 and 240:
Introduction With total expenditure
Page 241 and 242:
In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
Page 243 and 244:
Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
Page 245 and 246:
The challenge is that the interface
Page 247 and 248:
Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
Page 249 and 250:
National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
Page 251 and 252:
As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
Page 253 and 254:
In the case of property development
Page 255 and 256:
distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
Page 257 and 258:
• Despite this, the overwhelming
Page 259 and 260:
Effectiveness of spending and servi
Page 261 and 262:
cities have low capital expenditure
Page 263 and 264:
An encouraging development is that
Page 265 and 266:
3. Political interventions • Some
Page 267 and 268:
Smart city strategies Smart city st
Page 269 and 270:
encourage non-compliance. If priced
Page 271 and 272:
• Municipalities could rightfully
Page 273 and 274:
Recommendations If spatial transfor
Page 275:
Finance and Innovation 275 7
Page 278 and 279:
Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
Page 280 and 281:
1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
Page 282 and 283:
Statements of intent in the SOCR St
Page 284 and 285:
WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
Page 286 and 287:
Arguably, the primary constraint pr
Page 288 and 289:
Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
Page 290 and 291:
• Completing the National Framewo
Page 292 and 293:
development agency) that took place
Page 294 and 295:
MILE’s strategic objectives are:
Page 296 and 297:
Public participation should be the
Page 298 and 299:
The implementation of CBP through t
Page 300 and 301:
According to Cloete (2015) a partne
Page 302 and 303:
The chapters in this State of Citie
Page 304 and 305:
Overall Recommendations Urban space
Page 306 and 307:
Ensuring city transformation throug
Page 308 and 309:
Roadmap to the city dashboards All
Page 311 and 312:
Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
Page 313 and 314:
CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
Page 315 and 316:
Overview of flagship programme The
Page 317:
Reflections While the development o
Page 320 and 321:
People and Households Size of city
Page 322 and 323:
Design Capital Introduction Cities
Page 324 and 325:
Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
Page 327 and 328:
City of Ekurhuleni @moography
Page 329 and 330:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 331 and 332:
Overview of flagship programme Situ
Page 333:
the corporate structure and governa
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
Page 340 and 341:
Go!Durban will include new railways
Page 343 and 344:
City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
Page 345 and 346:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 347 and 348:
Overview of flagship programme The
Page 349:
However, the success of the Corrido
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357:
In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360:
Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364:
important tourist sites, there have
Page 365:
In addition, the PURP includes the
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Safety and Peace through Urban Upgr
Page 372 and 373:
A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376:
City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 379 and 380:
Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
Page 381:
The coverage map below shows the pl
Page 384 and 385:
Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387:
These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389:
SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391:
Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393:
Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395:
2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397:
Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399:
FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401:
. . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403:
References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405:
FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 406 and 407:
Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
Page 408 and 409:
References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411:
Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413:
DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415:
National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416:
Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
show all

cities

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?