cities

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanathi Inkangala Cibane Gunjini Ocean Drive-In Westbrook Mlahlanja Qhodela Mgandeni La Mercy Ntukuso Mgangeni Verulam Umdloti Ashburton DengeSithumba Matabetule InandaBlackburn Cato Ridge KwaSondela Phoenix Thusumuntu Waterfall Ntuzuma Everton KwaMashu Kamba Cliffdale Kloof KwaDabeka Durban North Mophela Hillcrest Gillitts Pinetown Newlands West Mpumalanga Durban Westville Berea Westridge Olwambeni Clifton Heights Chatsworth Bluff Esidweni Durban South Madundube Umlazi Umbumbulu Lotus Park Isipingo Nungwane Iziko Adams Rural Amanzimtoti Illovo South Kingsburgh Danganya Umnini Clansthal Umkomaas Craigieburn Palmcliffe Msunduzi uMngeni Northdale Ebaleni Mbumbu KwaZulu-Natal KwaDulela Mvubukazi Pietermaritzburg Henley The Msunduzi eZibomvini Imbali Emaswazini Mvundlweni Edendale Ashburton KwaMncane Deda Munywini Sinathingi Qanda Khokwane Wilgefontein Ingwe Nkabini eSigodini Esifishane eThekwini Mkhambathini Richmond uMshwathi Buffalo City Nelson Mandela Bay Amahlathi Great Kei Tyusha Tukayi B South Down eDrayini Mpundu KwaBelekile Macleantown Yellow Wood Dimbaza Tyutyu Eastern Cape KwaNkola Ngcamngeni King William's Town Mxaxo Berlin KwaMpundu Ilitha Nqonqweni Nqcamgeni KwaLini Buffalo City SA Godidi Tshabo 2 Luxhomo Chris Hani Ducats Gonubie KwaBhonke Qongqotha Mbolompeni Mdantsane Ntunja KwaQongqotha Nkxamnkwana Nompumelelo Thornfield Potsdam Village Lovedale SP Pefferville Clydesdale Goodhope Ententeni Hill Sunny South Corn Fields Ngqushwa KwaAltile New Hope eJojweni Phozi Kidd's Beach Carrington Ntlalwini Kayser's Beach Zikova Lujiza Sundays River Valley Eastern Cape SA Uitenhage Nelson Mandela Bay KwaNobuhle Despatch Motherwell Kouga Woodridge Bethelsdorp iBhayi Port Elizaberth Blue Horizon Bay Clarendon Marine Colchester Legend Label (MP) 9 <strong>cities</strong> Main Place Level of tertiary education 2011 (SP) Percentage with more than matric 2011 0 - 5 21 - 30 6 - 10 31 - 40 11 - 15 41 - 50 16 - 20 > 51 Source : CSIR, http://stepsa.org/human_capital_development.html 146 State of South African Cities Report 2016
GENTRIFICATION: Exploring alternatives approaches Since the late 1990s, more compact, integrated, mixed-use and inclusive urban development plans and policies for urban areas across South Africa have been encouraged. These kinds of developments are considered critical for transforming urban space. However, municipalities have been slow to respond in an innovative way because of the complex institutional arrangements and many actors, the politics of urban spaces and the cost of financing more inclusive and transformed settlements. Instead, new developments or revitalisation of decaying inner city areas have been left largely to the private sector. As the private sector’s motive is often profit driven, the result has been gentrification, whereby existing communities are marginalised and excluded from the process. Gentrification is simultaneously a physical, economic, social and cultural phenomenon that involves the invasion of urban space by middle-class or higher-income groups and the displacement of many of the original occupants. It involves the physical renovation or rehabilitation of what was frequently deteriorated housing stock that is upgraded to meet the requirements of the new owners. In the process, the prices of both renovated and unrenovated housing in the affected areas significantly appreciate, and tenure is transformed from rental to ownership (Hamnett, 1984). To assist local government and the private sector to achieve development that is more inclusive, alternative approaches include using inclusionary zoning to develop affordable housing, as well as establishing and supporting community land trusts and community wealth building initiatives. Other important aspects include promoting mixed developments (in terms of use and income) and interventions that protect people from being evicted or pushed out due to higher interest and investment (e.g. rent regulation). 4 Some of these approaches have been successful elsewhere in the world and may be of relevance to South Africa. Much will depend on the specific contexts, and so local governments would have to understand their local issues and which approaches are most applicable. Nevertheless, certain key considerations underpin inclusive development: • Urban management: Rapidly growing urban populations place increasing demands on land, housing, services and infrastructure, but the scale and speed of urbanisation, weak revenue bases and lack of administrative and technical capacity can mean that provision and maintenance are unable to keep pace with demand. The results are environmental decay and deteriorating living conditions, particularly for the urban poor. The ongoing maintenance of the built environment remains key to more liveable and sustainable <strong>cities</strong>. • Financing approaches: The key actors, who are local government, private developers and community stakeholders, need to not only source funding for development, but also create a funding strategy. Therefore, financing becomes a critical factor when trying to achieve a transformative local government and inclusive development. • Urban land: Urban land is at the centre of the spatial transformation agenda and inclusive development. As such, the transformation agenda cannot be achieved without addressing the land ownership, access and land management problems inherent in the country. Source: Adapted from SACN (2016c) Inclusive CITIES 147
Page 1 and 2:
State of south african cities Repor
Page 4 and 5:
The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
Page 6 and 7:
FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
Page 8 and 9:
Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
Page 10 and 11:
Overview: State of South African Ci
Page 12 and 13:
CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
Page 15 and 16:
INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
Page 17 and 18:
State of Cities Reporting Over the
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
Page 21 and 22:
The consequence of this rapid urban
Page 23 and 24:
LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
Page 25 and 26:
Addressing these challenges require
Page 27 and 28:
TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
Page 29 and 30:
Key issues for South African cities
Page 31 and 32:
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 1.8: Population change total
Page 35 and 36:
Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
Page 37 and 38:
Significant densification through b
Page 39 and 40:
Increased densities and demand have
Page 41 and 42:
Global networks versus domestic res
Page 43:
Informed by five years of research
Page 46 and 47:
Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
Page 48 and 49:
In cities, economic and social ineq
Page 50 and 51:
Undesirable current spatial configu
Page 52 and 53:
neighbouring municipalities are not
Page 54 and 55:
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 56 and 57:
Built environment investments not s
Page 58 and 59:
The cost of fragmentation In additi
Page 60 and 61:
associated land uses benefit all, n
Page 62 and 63:
Local government is best placed to
Page 64 and 65:
Competing land interests need to be
Page 66 and 67:
PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
Page 68 and 69:
The 2011 State of South African Cit
Page 70 and 71:
The most recent National Household
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
Page 74 and 75:
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
Page 76 and 77:
Spatial transformation needs respon
Page 78 and 79:
What is Required to Transform South
Page 80 and 81:
Transformation of management and ca
Page 83 and 84:
PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
Page 85 and 86:
Introduction South Africa is headin
Page 87 and 88:
Congestion and pressure on resource
Page 89 and 90:
transportation networks. Land-use p
Page 91 and 92:
strategies in separate silos, with
Page 93 and 94:
The Economic Role and Performance o
Page 95 and 96: • Johannesburg is South Africa’
Page 97 and 98: Nevertheless, recent economic fores
Page 99 and 100: • In the last five years, Tshwane
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
Page 103 and 104: Over the last 10 years, at a sector
Page 105 and 106: There is a marked correlation betwe
Page 107 and 108: Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
Page 111 and 112: development role set out in the 199
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.3: Key economic development
Page 115 and 116: • eThekwini has an active economi
Page 117 and 118: Both types of township are low-inco
Page 119 and 120: Informal economy and self-employmen
Page 121 and 122: South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
Page 123: PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
Page 126 and 127: Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
Page 128 and 129: Andile’s story This is based on a
Page 130 and 131: of that ward participate in making
Page 132 and 133: Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
Page 134 and 135: These service delivery gains have c
Page 136 and 137: YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
Page 138 and 139: However, when the NWAC is superimpo
Page 140 and 141: Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
Page 142 and 143: As mentioned, urban integration is
Page 144 and 145: Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
Page 148 and 149: Urban safety South Africa’s citie
Page 150 and 151: City’s unemployment rate is about
Page 152 and 153: Collective violence 7 Two main dime
Page 154 and 155: Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
Page 156 and 157: Furthermore, citizen education and
Page 158 and 159: South Africa requires a spatial pol
Page 161 and 162: SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
Page 163 and 164: Introduction Since 1994, the govern
Page 165 and 166: will need to have low-emissions gro
Page 167 and 168: Most of South Africa’s energy con
Page 169 and 170: Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
Page 171 and 172: • Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
Page 173 and 174: WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
Page 175 and 176: 500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
Page 177 and 178: facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
Page 179 and 180: Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
Page 181 and 182: As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
Page 183 and 184: Accelerating the transition to sust
Page 185 and 186: disadvantaged groups, through facil
Page 187 and 188: Accelerating the transition to food
Page 189 and 190: Biodiversity South Africa is the th
Page 191 and 192: Open spaces Ecological and social o
Page 193 and 194: in the city and in their homes then
Page 195 and 196: Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
Page 197 and 198:
Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
Page 199:
Recommendations Develop and embed a
Page 202 and 203:
Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
Page 204 and 205:
informal political and social cultu
Page 206 and 207:
Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
Page 208 and 209:
While these dynamics are critical a
Page 210 and 211:
Blurred intergovernmental responsib
Page 212 and 213:
Access to information As many ward
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
Page 216 and 217:
COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
Page 218 and 219:
The right people are not necessaril
Page 220 and 221:
Local government will require new k
Page 222 and 223:
All the cities have performance man
Page 224 and 225:
Unethical behaviour is one of the r
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
Page 228 and 229:
Service Delivery and Development As
Page 230 and 231:
Still playing catch-up on basic ser
Page 232 and 233:
knew anything about the city’s ID
Page 234 and 235:
The established routines need to ch
Page 237 and 238:
FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
Page 239 and 240:
Introduction With total expenditure
Page 241 and 242:
In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
Page 243 and 244:
Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
Page 245 and 246:
The challenge is that the interface
Page 247 and 248:
Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
Page 249 and 250:
National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
Page 251 and 252:
As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
Page 253 and 254:
In the case of property development
Page 255 and 256:
distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
Page 257 and 258:
• Despite this, the overwhelming
Page 259 and 260:
Effectiveness of spending and servi
Page 261 and 262:
cities have low capital expenditure
Page 263 and 264:
An encouraging development is that
Page 265 and 266:
3. Political interventions • Some
Page 267 and 268:
Smart city strategies Smart city st
Page 269 and 270:
encourage non-compliance. If priced
Page 271 and 272:
• Municipalities could rightfully
Page 273 and 274:
Recommendations If spatial transfor
Page 275:
Finance and Innovation 275 7
Page 278 and 279:
Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
Page 280 and 281:
1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
Page 282 and 283:
Statements of intent in the SOCR St
Page 284 and 285:
WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
Page 286 and 287:
Arguably, the primary constraint pr
Page 288 and 289:
Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
Page 290 and 291:
• Completing the National Framewo
Page 292 and 293:
development agency) that took place
Page 294 and 295:
MILE’s strategic objectives are:
Page 296 and 297:
Public participation should be the
Page 298 and 299:
The implementation of CBP through t
Page 300 and 301:
According to Cloete (2015) a partne
Page 302 and 303:
The chapters in this State of Citie
Page 304 and 305:
Overall Recommendations Urban space
Page 306 and 307:
Ensuring city transformation throug
Page 308 and 309:
Roadmap to the city dashboards All
Page 311 and 312:
Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
Page 313 and 314:
CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
Page 315 and 316:
Overview of flagship programme The
Page 317:
Reflections While the development o
Page 320 and 321:
People and Households Size of city
Page 322 and 323:
Design Capital Introduction Cities
Page 324 and 325:
Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
Page 327 and 328:
City of Ekurhuleni @moography
Page 329 and 330:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 331 and 332:
Overview of flagship programme Situ
Page 333:
the corporate structure and governa
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
Page 340 and 341:
Go!Durban will include new railways
Page 343 and 344:
City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
Page 345 and 346:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 347 and 348:
Overview of flagship programme The
Page 349:
However, the success of the Corrido
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357:
In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360:
Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364:
important tourist sites, there have
Page 365:
In addition, the PURP includes the
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Safety and Peace through Urban Upgr
Page 372 and 373:
A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376:
City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378:
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 379 and 380:
Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
Page 381:
The coverage map below shows the pl
Page 384 and 385:
Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387:
These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389:
SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391:
Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393:
Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395:
2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397:
Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399:
FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401:
. . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403:
References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405:
FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 406 and 407:
Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
Page 408 and 409:
References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411:
Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413:
DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415:
National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416:
Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
show all

cities

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?