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Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Definition 132 Waste collection Number of waste receptacles 133 Waste recycling Waste diverted for recycling 134 Waste recycling schemes Number of recycling schemes 135 Waste to energy Number of waste to energy projects by type of output 136 Ambient air quality Ambient concentrations of air pollutants by type and source 137 Residential fuel combustion Percentage of households using coal and wood fuel for heating and cooking 138 Transport air pollutants Ambient concentrations of air pollutants by vehicle type 139 Respiratory disease Number of deaths from lower respiratory disease 140 Tuberculosis Number of deaths from tuberculosis 141 HIV/Aids Number of deaths from HIV/AIDS 142 Land transformation Percentage change in land cover types 143 Coastal land transformation Percentage change in coastal land cover types 144 Open space Proportion of metro set aside for open space / natural areas 145 Food security Hunger – measured from GHS WELL-GOVERNED CITIES 146 Municipal management vacancies Number of vacancies at senior management level 147 Municipal posts Number of staff posts by type 148 Performance management Value of performance management practices implemented in the municipality 149 Municipal staff vacancies Number of vacant posts 150 Municipal skills shortage Rate at which vacant posts are filled by level 151 Woman employment % woman employed within Local municipality 152 Electricity interruptions Total number of reported electricity interruptions 153 Duration electricity interruptions Average length of electricity interruptions 154 Water interruptions Total number of reported water interruptions 155 Duration water interruptions Average length of water interruptions 156 Voter registration – national & local Number of voters registered to vote in the local and national elections 157 Voter turnout – national & local Number of registered voters voted in the local and national elections. Voter participation is the best existing means of measuring civic and political engagement for several reasons (high quality data, broad cross-country comparability) (OECD) 158 Consultation on rule-making Transparency in communication and open access to regulations promotes government accountability, a business-friendly environment and public trust in government institutions. indicator describes the extent to which formal consultation processes are built-in to the regulatory law-making process. The indicator is based on a composite index comprised of various information on the openness and transparency of the consultation process. It refers to the existence of institutional practices but does not, however, gauge whether these procedures are in fact effective 159 Batho Pele principles Extent to which Batho Pele principles are being implemented 160 Citizen satisfaction Percentage of people satisfied or very satisfied with municipal performance 161 Access to free basic services to all Free basic services include electricity, water, sanitation and refuse removal (see indicators below) qualifying people in the municipality 162 Access to water Number of households who have access to water by type (i.e. none, RDP, piped, backlog) 163 Access to sanitation Percentage households who have access to sanitation by type (i.e. none, mainline, backlog) 164 Access to electricity Percentage households who have access to electricity 165 Access to refuse removal – weekly Percentage households who have access to refuse removal by type (i.e. none, weekly, less often) 166 Community halls Number of community halls 167 Libraries Number of libraries 168 Fire stations Number of fire stations 169 Fire protection personnel – metro Number of people employed in fire protection services 170 Police personnel – SAPS Number of police personnel employed by the SAPS 171 Police personnel – metro Number of police personnel employed by the metro 172 Fire protection services expenditure Amount of expenditure on fire protection services … continued on the next page 392 State of South African Cities Report 2016
Indicator WELL-GOVERNED CITIES Definition 173 Schools Total number of primary and secondary schools 174 Primary health Care clinics – provincial Number of primary health care clinics operated by provincial government 175 Clinics – provincial Number of clinics operated by provincial government 176 Health and ambulance expenditure – Amount of expenditure on health and ambulance services by the province provincial 177 Health and ambulance expenditure Amount of expenditure on health and ambulance services by the metro – metro 178 Health workers – metro Number of health workers employed by the metro 179 Health workers – provincial Number of health workers employed by the metro 180 Private practitioners Number of health workers employed by the metro 181 ARV clinics – provincial Number of clinics dispensing ARVs 182 Clinics – metro Number of clinics operated by metro 183 Primary health care clinics – metro Number of primary health care clinics operated by metro 184 Waste management staff Total number of employees in solid waste management (fulltime, part time, vacant) 185 Waste management assets Expenditure on construction of sewerage and sanitation facilities 186 Waste facility maintenance & repair Expenditure on repairs and maintenance of refuse removal, sewerage and sanitation facilities 187 IWMP reporting Status of IWMP report 188 Wastewater Household access to wastewater treatment by type 189 % allocated and spent of capital and maintenance budgets % spent of the allocated budgets for capital development and maintenance of infrastructure. As a measure of commitment to IDP and SDBIP goals 190 Capital and maintenance budgets % of budget allocated to maintenance and operations, versus new capital development 191 External audit Status of audit findings 192 Internal audit Status of internal audit 193 Informal settlements Ratio of informal settlement area to total area 194 Urbanisation policy Status of urbanisation 195 Land development Size of land been given approval for development 196 Revenue profile Amount of revenue by source 197 Residential rates Rand value of rates paid by residences and businesses 198 Business rates Rand value of rates paid by residences and businesses 199 Services levy Rand value of rates paid by residences and businesses for services 200 Grants Total value of grants to metro 201 Property rates Rand value paid as property rates 202 Capital grants & transfers Value of grants and transfers for capital expenditure 203 Spending profile Metro expenditure by type (e.g. public transport, residential housing, roads) 204 Capital expenditure Funding for capital projects by source 205 Operating surplus 206 Debt collection Amount of bad debt recovered 207 Debtors Money owed to metro 208 Bad debt Amount of owed to metros by the creditors that cannot be collected (i.e. loss) and all reasonable efforts to collect it have been exhausted. 209 Remuneration costs Total cost of staff salaries 210 Liabilities Funds borrowed to fund capital expenditure 211 Cash position Cash available 212 Acid test ratio Current assets minus inventory divided by the current liabilities 213 Debt to income ratio Total liabilities of municipalities compared with their total revenue 214 Current ratio Current assets provide cover to meet current liabilities 215 Debt ratio Proportion of debt municipalities have relative to their assets and provides an indication as to how much municipalities rely on debt to finance their assets 216 Budget funding Value of shortfall between budget and income 217 Wasteful expenditure Value of wasteful expenditure ALMANAC SoCR 2016 Data Almanac 393
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
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The implementation of CBP through t
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According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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The chapters in this State of Citie
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Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Ensuring city transformation throug
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Roadmap to the city dashboards All
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Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
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CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
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Overview of flagship programme The
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Reflections While the development o
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People and Households Size of city
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Design Capital Introduction Cities
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Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
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City of Ekurhuleni @moography
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme Situ
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the corporate structure and governa
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People and Households Size of city
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Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
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Go!Durban will include new railways
Page 343 and 344: City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
Page 345 and 346: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 347 and 348: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 349: However, the success of the Corrido
Page 352 and 353: People and Households Size of city
Page 354 and 355: Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360: Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
Page 365: In addition, the PURP includes the
Page 368 and 369: People and Households Size of city
Page 370 and 371: Safety and Peace through Urban Upgr
Page 372 and 373: A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 379 and 380: Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
Page 381: The coverage map below shows the pl
Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387: These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397: Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399: FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401: . . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403: References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405: FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 406 and 407: Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
Page 408 and 409: References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411: Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413: DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415: National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416: Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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