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Proposed interventions • Empire/Perth Corridor • Improve linkages with public transport facilities • Improve public facilities that support increased development and population density (libraries, clinics, parks, sports fields, multi-purpose, cycle ways and safer pedestrian crossings) • Develop a knowledge precinct in Auckland Park • Develop multi-purpose, mixed-use regional economic facilities • Develop new and upgrade existing rental stock • Turffontein Corridor • Develop high-density housing, including affordable rentals to suit a variety of income groups (for first-time entrants to the city) and social housing (JOSHCO) • Develop non-motorised transport (NMT) infrastructure (cycle and walkways) • Develop recreational space with trading facilities • Upgrade parks • Louis Botha Corridor • Provide Rea Vaya BRT infrastructure: dedicated lanes and stations. • Develop NMT infrastructure and inter-modal transport facilities. • Develop existing recreational facilities • Build higher-density housing and mixed-use precincts • Upgrade clinics and local parks • Build the “Great Walk” from Alexandra to Sandton, including new pedestrian bridge across the M1 Source: SACN conference: CoJ case study In 2014/15, capital expenditure on the Corridors of Freedom amounted to over R550-million (R564,948,476), or 15% of the city’s capital expenditure. Over a three-year period (2014/15–2016/17), the city will spend R2.6- billion on the construction of the BRT system along the Louis Botha corridor. This amount includes the construction of the dedicated bus route, associated interchanges, bus stations, associated pedestrian and cycle paths, and the buses (CoJ, 2014). Other major budget allocations include bulk infrastructure such as water, electricity and storm water drainage; general road upgrades and pedestrian and cycle-way construction; and the development of health and social amenities (clinics, libraries, sports facilities and community centres). Reflections In October 2014, the City of Joburg won the Excellence in Planning Award for its Corridors of Freedom programme at the Planning Africa Conference, which recognised the city’s progressive planning department. 4 4. http://citybuzz.co.za/20753/joburg-wins-award-for-its-corridors-of-freedom/ 348 State of South African Cities Report 2016
However, the success of the Corridors of Freedom programme will depend on its implementation. The experience since 2013 offers some valuable reflections: • The basics must be in place: although pressure to build the corridors is high, the “footwork” needs to be done before the private sector can be brought in as partners. • Major programmes of transformation require a complete re-think of how to do things, as well as very high capacity (which may not be available even in the large metros). The plans for the corridors were done quickly, which created momentum but also meant that the broader community and other sectors (e.g. private developers and individual land owners) were not sufficiently engaged in all aspects of the programme. The city needs to look at how to generate a whole-of-society response to transforming areas of the city, while ensuring that it maximises the value captured from increased property values that result from this public investment. The success of the Corridors of Freedom rests on sufficient and well-managed infrastructure balanced with effective maintenance, as well as strong project management and partnerships with stakeholders. Extensive focus on community participation and consultation is critical in order to bring about behavioural change and acknowledgement of the role of the programme in bringing about improved mobility and social inclusivity in the city 5 . Looking forward Although some projects are already underway or close to completion, the Corridors of Freedom is a medium- to long-term programme. The City of Joburg is actively pursuing the acquisition of land for the future, which can be released to the private sector, as well as developing: • infrastructure master plans (Bulk and distribution network) • a housing action plan to meet the target of 30% low income housing (affordable, social and low income users) • a detailed spatial economic analysis and database • important non-motorised transport linkages. City of Johannesburg The city is also reviewing its rates policy to support implementation of the corridors and exploring funding and support agreements, and partnerships with property sector developer and investors. An important component of large-scale public investment programmes such as the Corridors of Freedom is the concept of value capture, whereby the municipality can benefit from the increase in private land values that result from new public investment. Strategic state investment in new infrastructure (e.g. roads or the Gautrain) can encourage people and business to move to the area, which increases property values. South African municipalities have not adopted many value capture mechanisms apart from using development charges. Other mechanisms include additional property taxes or requiring an in-kind contribution, such as land or improvements. The additional revenue can be used to finance other infrastructure or for poverty alleviation programmes. References CoJ (City of Johannesburg). 2011. Joburg 2040: Growth and Development Strategy. Johannesburg: CoJ. CoJ. 2014. 2014/15 Integrated Development Plan. Johannesburg: CoJ. NPC (National Planning Commission). 2011. National Development Plan. Pretoria: NPC. Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2013. National Household Travel Survey. Pretoria: Stats SA. Strydom L, Corridors of Freedom, 12 Dec 2014 Urban LandMark, 2013 Improving access to the city through value capture: An overview of capturing and allocating value created through the development of transport infrastructure in South Africa 5. SACN Conference, How does mobility support inclusivity and efficiency in the city? City of JOHANNESBURG: Corridors of Freedom 349
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
Page 298 and 299: The implementation of CBP through t
Page 300 and 301: According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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Page 304 and 305: Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Page 308 and 309: Roadmap to the city dashboards All
Page 311 and 312: Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
Page 313 and 314: CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
Page 315 and 316: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 317: Reflections While the development o
Page 320 and 321: People and Households Size of city
Page 322 and 323: Design Capital Introduction Cities
Page 324 and 325: Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
Page 327 and 328: City of Ekurhuleni @moography
Page 329 and 330: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Page 333: the corporate structure and governa
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Page 340 and 341: Go!Durban will include new railways
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Page 347: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 354 and 355: Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
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Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
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Page 372 and 373: A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 379 and 380: Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
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Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387: These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393: Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397: Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
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FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
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. . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
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References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
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FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
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Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
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References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
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Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
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DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
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National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
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Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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