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Safety and Peace through Urban Upgrading Introduction Urban regeneration aims to reverse the economic, social and physical decay of an area. Research has found it is important to consider not only the physical but also the social and economic regeneration of the area (Kitchin and Ovens, 2008). Partnerships between the public and private sector, community and civil society organisations, and involving the affected community leadership are critical to successful regeneration. In most countries, regeneration focuses on declining inner city areas. However, in South Africa, disadvantaged areas are usually on the city’s periphery. In 2003, the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality established the Mandela Bay Development Agency (MBDA) as a special purpose development company responsible for urban regeneration in the metro. In 2007, the MBDA extended its focus beyond the inner city to include areas such as New Brighton, Uitenhage and Helenvale. Situated in the northern suburbs of Port Elizabeth, Helenvale is a township established in the 1950s as a result of the Group Areas Act. It is home to approximately 21 000 people and has high levels of density and informality, and a poor quality of life. Over half of the population is unemployed (MBDA, 2014a) and nearly 70% (69.6%) of people living in the area are under the age of 35, of which 40% are unemployed. Map of Helenvale Source: SPUU Helenvale: Inception Report and Master Plan In 2006, Helenvale was declared an urban renewal area and became part of the National Urban Renewal Programme. In 2011, the Helenvale Urban Regeneration Programme (HURP) was moved to the MBDA, following approval of R70-million funding from the German Development Bank (KfW) for the Safety and Peace through Urban Upgrading (SPUU) programme. This programme’s interventions are aimed at creating a safer Helenvale through implementing both physical and social infrastructure. 370 State of South African Cities Report 2016
Overview of flagship programme The urban upgrading in Helenvale consists of various projects. The first HURP project focused on upgrading and improving the Helenvale Precinct (widening streets, constructing sidewalks, improving storm water drainage, and installing street furniture such as benches and trees). Two community parks were also constructed. National Treasury funded the project through the Neighbourhood Development Programme Grant (NDPG), for a total cost of R21.5-million. Local labour and small businesses were employed on the project (MBDA, 2014b). However, the upgrades do not appear to have reduced conflict, with the vandalism of street lighting of concern because it renders passive surveillance impossible (SPUU Helenvale). The Helenvale Resource Centre was the single biggest investment (almost R43-million, funded by national government) in the area in 50 years and involved demolishing the original centre and replacing it with a stateof-the-art one-stop facility (MBDA, 2013). In 2013, the centre was awarded the Eastern Cape Institute of Architects Award for Architecture (ibid). The MBDA operates the centre. Helenvale resource centre Source: SPUU Helenvale: Inception Report and Master Plan The SPUU programme’s objective is to contribute to increased safety and a better quality of life in Helenvale. It focuses on five components: 1 • Improved safety of public spaces and community facilities • Safer schools, in partnership with the community • Prevention of domestic violence • Improved housing (in consultation with the municipality) • Improved employment opportunities for youth. The programme commenced on 3 February 2014 and is expected to end on 31 January 2018. Prioritised projects include pedestrian walkways and public sports fields, refurbishment of school facilities and sports grounds, and “soft” measures for peace and safety promotion in schools, reduction of domestic violence and victim care, and the establishment of youth employment projects. A housing strategy for Helenvale has been completed in order to address the current housing challenges. This includes rectification of existing 1994 small units, de-densification of approximately 450 families from overcrowded units, preferably to sites within Helenvale and surrounds (some on state-owned land in Algoa Park and/or Parsonsvlei and Westering), as well as the in-situ upgrading of approximately 200 informal settlements integrated with the Helenvale SPUU Programme (NMBM, 2014). The proposed Helenvale project, which has been approved by Council, will yield approximately 4200 units at a total cost of R885-million. The SPUU programme also includes a pilot housing project, which aims to demonstrate practical, scalable solutions that can be scaled up and to provide skills training and employment in the process (SPUU Helenvale). Nelson Mandela Bay 1. http://www.saferspaces.org.za/be-inspired/entry/safety-and-peace-through-urban-upgrading Nelson Mandela Bay: Safety and Peace through Urban Upgrading 371
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
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The implementation of CBP through t
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According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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The chapters in this State of Citie
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Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Ensuring city transformation throug
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Roadmap to the city dashboards All
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Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
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CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
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Overview of flagship programme The
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Reflections While the development o
Page 320 and 321: People and Households Size of city
Page 322 and 323: Design Capital Introduction Cities
Page 324 and 325: Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
Page 327 and 328: City of Ekurhuleni @moography
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Page 333: the corporate structure and governa
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Page 347 and 348: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 349: However, the success of the Corrido
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Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
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Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
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Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 379 and 380: Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
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Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387: These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393: Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397: Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399: FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401: . . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403: References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405: FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 406 and 407: Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
Page 408 and 409: References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411: Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413: DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415: National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416: Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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