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In December 2012, the redevelopment of Naval Hill as a flagship tourist attraction began with the erection of an 8-metre tall statue of Nelson Mandela (the tallest statue of the former president in the world) that faces the Waaihoek Wesleyan Church, the birthplace of the ANC 1 . Following the unveiling of the statue, there was a dramatic increase in visitors to the site. In 2013, the redevelopment continued, with the building and opening of a digital planetarium, the first of its kind in sub-Saharan Africa, as Naval Hill is a prime spot for star gazing. The city, in partnership with the Free State Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs (DETEA), the University of the Free State (UFS) and the National Department of Science and Technology (DST), launched the digital planetarium featuring a “3D experience of the universe […] enabling the audience to ‘fly through’ the universe, visit planets, explore the secrets of the oceans and even organs of the human body” (ibid). The planetarium is the first phase of a proposed Centre for Earth and Space at Naval Hill, a multi-purpose facility to promote science communication and preservation, as well as the arts. The redevelopment of Naval Hill ‘will contribute positively towards inner city rejuvenation … We are going to transform the hill from a rundown facility to a world class recreational area.’ Executive Mayor The masterplan identifies a number of key recommendations for development of the site (MMM, 2012). The development forms part of a greater vision of Naval Hill, which is an iconic landmark within Mangaung, and so any interventions must respect and enhance the cultural, historic, environmental and social aspects. Careful planning and guidelines must be put in place to reduce the encroachment of private residential erven on Naval Hill. Naval Hill needs to be able to sustain itself, provide job opportunities and potentially generate revenue for the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. At the same time, the development must accommodate the diversity of the international and national visitors to Naval Hill, which attracts multiple races, age groups and income groups. During 2014, a new viewing platform was built, the Edge restaurant was completed, as were a pedestrian walkway, the entrance gatehouse, electrical and security work. In addition, the toilet block was upgraded and a kiosk constructed. (MMM, 2014b). In 2013/14, over R5-million was spent on the Naval Hill water reservoir, including supply and delivery lines. The upgrading of the parking area and development of a tourism incubator are still in progress, and the design for the cable car will start in 2015/16. The concept and detailed design of Naval Hill Phase 2 totalled expenditure of R5.1-million in the 2013/14 financial year, and a further R23.5-million is budgeted for over the medium term expenditure framework. The second phase includes the construction of a destination resort to complement the planetarium, as well as a state-of-the-art eco-park recreational area and a boutique hotel. Reflections Naval Hill provides a large open space and recreation area on the city’s doorstep, and an important heritage site. Like similar sites, the challenge lies in balancing heritage conservation with development, and requires compromises to allow for controlled development to coexist alongside heritage (and environmental) protection (Chiruke, 2013). Overall, extensive consultation with a broad range of stakeholders at all phases of the project, in both planning and management, is critical, and saves time and money. The local community needs to be 1. http://mg.co.za/article/2013-10-11-00-enhancing-the-bloem-skyline 356 State of South African Cities Report 2016
involved to prevent them from becoming mere spectators in the protection of their own heritage. Although “the rights of host communities are increasingly becoming more recognised, local communities are still not widely involved in heritage conservation endeavours” (Chiruke, 2013). Involvement means more than just employing local labour on heritage sites. Local communities and NGOs can play a valuable role in informing authorities of cultural issues, identifying problem areas, providing input on desired conditions at the site, assisting in developing strategies to attract tourists, and serving an ongoing liaison role in management. UNESCO (2003) has developed a practical manual for managing world heritage sites that raises pertinent issues for sites such as Naval Hill. Of importance is to set goals and objectives that give direction to site management, define the experiences to be offered to visitors and determine the limits of tourism development. Looking forward Phase 2 of the redevelopment of Naval Hill includes the construction of a cable car – design will start in 2015/16. The development of a cable car is expected to be one of the most important (direct and indirect) revenue generators for the whole project (MMM, 2012). Phase 3 of the project will be implemented from 2015 and includes: • A guard house / control centre • Parking areas and pedestrian routes • Park furniture, benches, rubbish bins, etc. • Tourist promenade and gathering space. Optional areas that could be developed are detailed in the masterplan and include items such as a primary vehicular access route; safari park and extreme adventure centre, including overnight facilities; an Exploratorium; and a multi-purpose cultural arena. References Chiruke S. 2013. Heritage conservation in Africa: The good, the bad and the challenges, South African Journal of Science, Vol. 109(1/2). MMM (Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality). 2012. Naval Hill Masterplan. Mangaung: MMM. MMM. 2014a. 2014/15 Integrated Development Plan. Mangaung: MMM. MMM. 2014b. 2013/14 Annual Report. Mangaung: MMM. UNESCO, 2002 UNEP World Heritage Manuals, Managing Tourism at World Heritage Sites: a Practical Manual for World Heritage Site Managers, by Arthur Pedersen, 2002 UNESCO World Heritage Centre (http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-113-2.pdf) City of Mangaung MANGAUNG: Naval Hill 357
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
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The implementation of CBP through t
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According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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The chapters in this State of Citie
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Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Page 308 and 309: Roadmap to the city dashboards All
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Page 313 and 314: CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
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Page 317: Reflections While the development o
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Page 322 and 323: Design Capital Introduction Cities
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Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
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Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
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Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
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Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393: Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397: Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399: FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
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Page 402 and 403: References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
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Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
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References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
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Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
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DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
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National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
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Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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