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Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid Public Transport Networks – Public Sector Perspectives. Presentation to Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) Infrastructure Dialogues. 29 October 2009. Carrigan A, King R, Velasquez JM, Raifman M and Duduta N. 2013. Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts of BRT systems. Washington DC: Embarq, World Resources Institute. CESTII (Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators). 2014. R&D Survey Executive Summary 2012/2013. Pretoria: HRSC. Chelleri L. 2010. From the Resilient City to Urban Resilience. A review essay on understanding and integrating the resilience perspective for urban systems. Department of Geography. University of Barcelona. COGTA (Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs). 2014. Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF). Draft for Discussion. Pretoria: COGTA. Crankshaw O. 2012. Professionalisation and racial inequality in Cape Town, 1980–2010, Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 48(6), pp. 836–862. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) and Economic Rise Consulting. 2008. A National Overview of Spatial Trends and Settlement Characteristics. Prepared for the South African Cities Network (SACN) the Department of Local and Provincial Government (dplg) and the Presidency, Policy Coordination and Advisory Services (PCAS). Donaldson R. 2001. A model for South African urban development in the 21st century? Paper presented at 20th South African Transport Conference, Department of Geographical Sciences, Visa University, 16–20 July 2001. EMM (eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality). 2013. Economic Development and Job Creation Strategy 2013. Durban @ Work. eThekwini: EMM. Glaeser E. 2011. Triumph of City. How Urban Spaces Make Us Human. United Kingdom: Macmillan. Glaeser E and Joshi-Ghani A. 2013. Rethinking cities: towards shared prosperity, Economic Premise, No. 126. Washington DC: Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) Network, the World Bank. Herrington M, Key J and Key P. 2015. 2014 GEM South Africa Report South Africa: The crossroads – a goldmine or a time bomb? Cape Town: University of Cape Town. Investec. 2014. GFCF outlook: policy commitment to infrastructure investment and promotion of industrialization but implementation still insufficient. Kruss G, Aphane M, Visser M, Wildschut A and Arends F. 2010. Education, training and skills development in the Cape Town City Region. Background Paper. Pretoria: HSRC (Human Science Research Council). Laldaparsad S. 2015. “Grow the economy & create jobs” Understanding the spatial economy of municipalities”. Presentation on behalf of Statistics South Africa: Policy & Research to the Economies of Regions Learning Network Technical Working Group on Data. 19 August 2015. Lorentzen J. 2010. Cape Town’s Competitiveness and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Review of Relevant Literature. Cape Town: HSRC. Lorentzen J, Mugadza T and Robinson S. 2009. Innovation in South African City Regions: Can we explain it? Deliverable Nr D_TTC5 for Understanding the Relationship between Knowledge and Competitiveness in the Enlarging European Union (U-Know). Mahajan S. 2014. Economics of South African Townships. Special focus on Diepsloot. A World Bank study. Washington DC: World Bank Group. McGaffin R, Napier M and Karuri-Sebina G. 2015. South African Township Economies and Commercial Property Markets. A Conceptualisation and Overview. South African Cities Network (SACN). Mkhize S, Dube G and Skinner C. 2013. Street Vendors in Durban, South Africa. Informal Economic Monitoring Study. Women in Informal Employment: Globalising and Organising (WIEGO). See http://wiego.org/sites/wiego.org/files/ publications/files/IEMS-Durban-Street-Vendors- City-Report-English.pdf. Mohr P. 1998. Economic Indicators, 3rd edition. Unisa Press. National Treasury. 2015. Budget Review 2015. Pretoria: National Treasury. NPC (National Planning Commission). 2011. National Development Plan Vision 2030. http://www.poa. gov.za/news/Documents/NPC%20National%20 Development%20Plan%20Vision%202030%20 -lo-res.pdf. 406 State of South African Cities Report 2016
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
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The implementation of CBP through t
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According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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The chapters in this State of Citie
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Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Ensuring city transformation throug
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Roadmap to the city dashboards All
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Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
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CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
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Overview of flagship programme The
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Reflections While the development o
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People and Households Size of city
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Design Capital Introduction Cities
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Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
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City of Ekurhuleni @moography
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme Situ
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the corporate structure and governa
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Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
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Go!Durban will include new railways
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City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme The
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However, the success of the Corrido
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Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360: Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
Page 365: In addition, the PURP includes the
Page 368 and 369: People and Households Size of city
Page 370 and 371: Safety and Peace through Urban Upgr
Page 372 and 373: A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 379 and 380: Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
Page 381: The coverage map below shows the pl
Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387: These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393: Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 396 and 397: Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
Page 398 and 399: FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401: . . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403: References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405: FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 408 and 409: References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411: Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413: DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415: National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416: Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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