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People and Households Size of city Population density in 2011 1 609 people per km 2 The number of households grew faster than the population between 1996 and 2011. After Joburg, Ekurhuleni has the lowest average number of people per household. Growth Dwelling types Population No. households Average number of people per household 2011 2011 3 178 470 1 015 465 3.13 2001 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2001 2 481 762 745 576 1996 2 026 978 542 719 3.33 3.73 Informal Formal Traditional Go to StepSA.org to see maps on how population density changes across the city. 1 975 km 2 Non 0.8 0.7 0.6 Social Fabric Ekurhuleni has made progress towards reducing poverty and improving livelihoods; but inequality remains a challenge. 1996 2001 2011 2013 Matric level 24.3% Human development index (HDI) Life expectancy HDI is a composite of life expectancy, literacy and gross value added (GVA) Highest education level 2011 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Gini coefficient (inequality measure) 2011 2013 Higher education 8.6% Levels of poverty very high inequality Number of people living below the poverty line 2001 33% 63.3 61.7 Literacy 91% GVA R187.5 billions Urban safety is important for a city’s social fabric; go to SCODA to access urban safety data for Ekurhuleni. 2011 23% of total population GJ (millions) per year SUSTAINABILITY Liquid petroleum/gas 0.4% 200 100 0 -16 364.3 -13 746.5 Sources of fuel 2011 Energy consumption 2004 2007 2011 167.3 109.7 126.7 Change in energy intensity 2007–2011 Emissions: top three sectors in 2015 100% 85.2% 20.4% Residential 32.0% Industrial 0% Heavy furnace oil 0.4% Paraffin 1.0% Coal 1.8% Jet fuel & avgas 18.1% Diesel 20.5% revenue water 2011 Electricity 31.2% Petrol 26.5% Petrol and diesel account for almost half of the energy used. The presence of OR Tambo International Airport explains the high jet fuel usage and the transport sector’s large share of emissions. Residential Commercial Industrial Transport Government Agriculture 9 312.5 35 691.8 800.1 -842.9 -8 000 -20 000 -10 000 -1 000 0 5 000 10 000 30 000 40 000 Units of energy in GJ Energy intensity: measures the amount of energy used to produce goods and services 32.8% Transport 18.8% 36.6% 2007 2014 Non revenue water is water that is “lost” before it reaches the customer, either physically (leaks) or apparently (e.g. theft, not billed). City of Ekurhuleni – State of Cities Report 2016 Dashboard Indicators
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANCE economy Municipal revenue sources Affordability of municipal bills for type A households (municipal bill as % of benchmark income) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% R-billions 2001 2011 600 400 200 0 15.7% 77.4% 6.9% 8.7% 8.3% 2008/09 2013/14 9.2% 10.2% 2010 2014 R67 605 Affordability Gross value added (GVA) Own revenue Equitable share Grants Type A is a household that lives in a property with an assessed value of R100,000, consumes 400 kWh of electricity and 20 kl of water per month, and has a 240 litre bin removed weekly. Its monthly income is R6 742. 1996 2001 2011 2013 Average household income Average household income grew more slowly in Ekurhuleni than in other <strong>cities</strong>, but the cost of living is at a similar level. R125 688 2011 R103 204 National household income 0 40 000 80 000 120 000 160 000 200 000 Rands Cost of living (based on a bundle of goods) R78.20 R92.20 R109.30 Service Delivery INFRASTRUCTURE ICT infrastructure 2011 Percentage of population with connections 15.3% Fixed-landline telephone 93.3% Mobile telephone 42.6% Internet connections Repairs and maintenance % of operating expenditure 9.1% 2009 Mode of transport to work The majority of people in Ekurhuleni use taxis or private cars to move around the city. The city’s dispersed urban nodes creates challenges for public transport access. 2013 2003 2010 86.9% of households have access to piped water inside dwelling/yard 2010 89.2% 2013 86.3% 2013 89.5% of households have refuse removed by municipality (weekly or less frequently) 2010 97.1% Other transport modes 2013 98.2% of households have access to sanitation services* * includes access to flush toilets, VIPs and pit toilets After Joburg, Ekurhuleni has the highest access to sanitation. Of concern is the doubling of non revenue water levels between 2007 and 2014. 6.7% 2014 National Treasury recommends 8–10% of operating expenditure 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Train Bus TAXI Taxi Car Walk 2008 2011 2014 Unemployment rate Average unemployment rate 40.4% 28.8% 2001 2011 Provincial average unemployment rate 26.3% 2011 Although unemployment levels have improved significantly, they remain above the provincial average. Citizen Engagement 43% Voter registration/turnout Local election National election 56% 2006 2011 2014 Voter turnout at local elections is similar to that of the other Gauteng metros and is lower than for national elections. 74%
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
Page 278 and 279: Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
Page 280 and 281: 1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
Page 282 and 283: Statements of intent in the SOCR St
Page 284 and 285: WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
Page 286 and 287: Arguably, the primary constraint pr
Page 288 and 289: Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
Page 290 and 291: • Completing the National Framewo
Page 292 and 293: development agency) that took place
Page 294 and 295: MILE’s strategic objectives are:
Page 296 and 297: Public participation should be the
Page 298 and 299: The implementation of CBP through t
Page 300 and 301: According to Cloete (2015) a partne
Page 302 and 303: The chapters in this State of Citie
Page 304 and 305: Overall Recommendations Urban space
Page 306 and 307: Ensuring city transformation throug
Page 308 and 309: Roadmap to the city dashboards All
Page 311 and 312: Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
Page 313 and 314: CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
Page 315 and 316: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 317: Reflections While the development o
Page 320 and 321: People and Households Size of city
Page 322 and 323: Design Capital Introduction Cities
Page 324 and 325: Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
Page 327: City of Ekurhuleni @moography
Page 331 and 332: Overview of flagship programme Situ
Page 333: the corporate structure and governa
Page 338 and 339: Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
Page 340 and 341: Go!Durban will include new railways
Page 343 and 344: City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
Page 345 and 346: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 347 and 348: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 349: However, the success of the Corrido
Page 354 and 355: Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360: Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
Page 365: In addition, the PURP includes the
Page 370 and 371: Safety and Peace through Urban Upgr
Page 372 and 373: A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
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The coverage map below shows the pl
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Introduction A key part of the deve
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These indicators were evaluated on
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SCODA is a partnership between citi
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Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
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Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
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2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
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Acronyms ACSA Airports Company Sout
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FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
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. . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
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References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
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FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
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Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
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References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
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Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
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DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
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National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
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Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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