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Acronyms ACSA Airports Company South Africa dti Department of Trade and Industry AGSA Auditor-General of South Africa DWS Department of Water and Sanitation ANC African National Congress EDP Economic Development Partnership APDP Automotive Production Development Programme EEDSM Energy Efficiency Demand Side Management BCMM Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality EMM Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality BEPP Built Environment Performance Plan EPWP Expanded Public Works Programme BNG Breaking New Ground ERLN Economies of Regions Learning Network BRE Business Retention and Expansion FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa FBS Free Basic Services BRT Bus Rapid Transit FET Further Education and Training C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group FFC Financial and Fiscal Commission CABRI Collaborative African Budget Reform Initiative FIZ Free Internet Zone CBD Central Business District GCRO Gauteng City Region Observatory CBO Community-based Organisation GDP Gross Domestic Product CBP Community-based Planning GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution CEO Chief Executive Officer GFCF Gross Fixed Capital Formation CESTII CFO CID CIDB CLC CNG COGTA CoJ CPI Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators Chief Financial Officer City Improvement District Construction Industry Development Board Community Law Centre Compressed Natural Gas Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs City of Johannesburg Corruption Perceptions Index GGLN GHG GIZ GTAC GVA HDI HSRC ICLEI Icsid Good Governance Learning Network Greenhouse Gas Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit Government Technical Advisory Centre Gross Value Added Human Development Index Human Sciences Research Council International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives International Council of Societies of Industrial Design CSR Corporate Social Responsibility ICT Information and Communication Technologies CWP Community Works Programme IDP Integrated Development Plan DACST DEA DEADP DHS DIFD DiMP DoE DoH DPME Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology Department of Environmental Affairs Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning Department of Human Settlements UK Department of International Development Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme Department of Energy Department of Housing Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation IEC IFAD IFC IGR IGT IPTS ISPPIA IUDF IWMP KPI KWh Independent Electoral Commission International Fund for Agricultural Development International Finance Corporation Intergovernmental Relations Intergovernmental Transfer Integrated Public Transport System International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing Integrated Urban Development Framework Integrated Waste Management Plan Key Performance Indicator Kilowatt/hour DST Department of Science and Technology 396 State of South African Cities Report 2016
KZN LGMIM LUMS M&E MCEP MFMA MIG MILE KwaZulu-Natal Local Government Management Improvement Model Land-use Management Systems Monitoring & Evaluation Manufacturing Competitiveness Enhancement Programme Municipal Finance Management Act Municipal Infrastructure Grant Municipal Institute of Learning MinMecs Ministers’ and MECs’ Forum MM MSP MTSF NBI NDP NEMA NGO NGP NLTA NMT NPC NSDF NSI NSSD NWAC NWMS NWRS OCA OECD PARI PAYT PCA PDG PEFA PFM PPP PRASA PURP PV R&D RDP Municipal Manager Multi-stakeholder Partnership Medium Term Strategic Framework National Business Institute National Development Plan National Environmental Management Act Non-Governmental Organisation New Growth Path National Land Transport Act Non-Motorised Transport National Planning Commission National Spatial Development Perspective National System of Innovation National Strategy for Sustainable Development Net Wage After Commute National Waste Management Strategy National Water Resources Strategy Operation Clean Audit Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Public Affairs Research Institute Pay-As-You-Throw Principal Component Analyses Palmer Development Group Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Public Financial Management Public-Private Partnership Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa Pietermaritzburg Urban Renewal Programme Photovoltaic Research and Development Reconstruction and Development Programme REIPPPP SAA SACN SAIRR SALGA SANRAL SAP SCM SDBIP SDF SDGs SDI SEA SECO SHS SLA SMME SoCR SOEs Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme South African Airways South African Cities Network South African Institute of Race Relations South African Local Government Association South African National Roads Agency Systems, Applications, Products Supply Chain Management Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan Spatial Development Framework Sustainable Development Goals Shack Dwellers International Sustainable Energy Africa Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs Sustainable Human Settlements Sustainable Livelihoods Approach Small and Medium and Micro Enterprise State of the Cities Report State-owned Entities SPLUMA Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act Stats SA StepSA TOD TUHF UCLG UCT UDZ ULMG UNEP Statistics South Africa Spatial and Temporal Evidence Platform for South Africa Transit-oriented Development Trust for Urban Housing Finance United Cities and Local Governments University of Cape Town Urban Development Zone Urban LandMark United Nations Environmental Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework on Climate Change VAT VPUU WDC WHO WMA WRC WSA WSP WWF Value-added Tax Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading World Design Capital World Health Organisation Water Management Area Water Research Council Water Service Authority Water Service Provider World Wildlife Fund Acronyms 397
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State of south african cities Repor
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The cities covered in the SoCR Limp
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FOREWORD by the Chairperson of the
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Buffalo city ekurhuleni ethekwini J
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Overview: State of South African Ci
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CH3 PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial trans
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INTRODUCTION Our cities: status quo
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State of Cities Reporting Over the
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Figure 1.2 shows the projected grow
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The consequence of this rapid urban
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LEARNING ACROSS BRICS: from city-re
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Addressing these challenges require
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TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030 AG
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Key issues for South African cities
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cities and
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Figure 1.8: Population change total
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Figure 1.10 shows that, while popul
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Significant densification through b
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Increased densities and demand have
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Global networks versus domestic res
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Informed by five years of research
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Spatial tran
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In cities, economic and social ineq
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Undesirable current spatial configu
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neighbouring municipalities are not
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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Built environment investments not s
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The cost of fragmentation In additi
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associated land uses benefit all, n
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Local government is best placed to
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Competing land interests need to be
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PRE-1994 building POLICY 1994-2003
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The 2011 State of South African Cit
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The most recent National Household
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Figure 2.6: Alternate transport-urb
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SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: Tracking tr
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Spatial transformation needs respon
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What is Required to Transform South
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Transformation of management and ca
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES Spatial transform
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Introduction South Africa is headin
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Congestion and pressure on resource
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transportation networks. Land-use p
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strategies in separate silos, with
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The Economic Role and Performance o
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• Johannesburg is South Africa’
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Nevertheless, recent economic fores
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• In the last five years, Tshwane
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Figure 3.7 shows the average labour
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Over the last 10 years, at a sector
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There is a marked correlation betwe
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Figure 3.13: Estimated city share o
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Figure 3.15: City gross fixed-capit
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development role set out in the 199
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Table 3.3: Key economic development
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• eThekwini has an active economi
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Both types of township are low-inco
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Informal economy and self-employmen
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South Africa’s Expanded Public Wo
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PRODUCTIVE CITIES 123 3
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cities sti
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Andile’s story This is based on a
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of that ward participate in making
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Cape Town metro Mangaung Mamre Pell
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These service delivery gains have c
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YOUTH STUDY: Youth potential and vu
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However, when the NWAC is superimpo
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Tshwane, Figure 4.7: Johannesburg C
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As mentioned, urban integration is
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Table 4.2: Change in lowest income
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Ethekwini metro Northdale Hambanath
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Urban safety South Africa’s citie
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City’s unemployment rate is about
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Collective violence 7 Two main dime
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Towards More Inclusive Cities Citiz
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Furthermore, citizen education and
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South Africa requires a spatial pol
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES Leveraging the t
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Introduction Since 1994, the govern
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will need to have low-emissions gro
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Most of South Africa’s energy con
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Figure 5.3: Average baseline energy
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• Tshwane initiated its A Re Yeng
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WASTE: legislation, policies and pl
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500 0 400 200 0 2011 2013 2015 2017
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facility (i.e. waste is sorted manu
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Figure 5.10: Depiction of in- and o
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As Figure 5.12 shows, Cape Town and
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Accelerating the transition to sust
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disadvantaged groups, through facil
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Accelerating the transition to food
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Biodiversity South Africa is the th
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Open spaces Ecological and social o
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in the city and in their homes then
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Emissions reduction to mitigate cli
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Principles of a Sustainable City Ur
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Recommendations Develop and embed a
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 Cities have
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informal political and social cultu
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Section 51 of the Municipal Systems
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While these dynamics are critical a
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Blurred intergovernmental responsib
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Access to information As many ward
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Figure 6.5: Turnout for national an
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COMMUNITY-BASED PLANNING: Strengthe
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The right people are not necessaril
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Local government will require new k
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All the cities have performance man
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Unethical behaviour is one of the r
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Figure 6.9: Municipal audit consist
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Service Delivery and Development As
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Still playing catch-up on basic ser
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knew anything about the city’s ID
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The established routines need to ch
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FINANCE and INNOVATION Sustainable
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Introduction With total expenditure
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In 2013/14, unauthorised, irregular
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Figure 7.2: Nelson Mandela Bay Muni
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The challenge is that the interface
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Phase 3: City autonomy and accounta
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National Treasury uses Uniform Fina
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As Figures 7.5 and 7.6 show, Johann
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In the case of property development
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distribution. Johannesburg’s capi
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• Despite this, the overwhelming
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Effectiveness of spending and servi
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cities have low capital expenditure
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An encouraging development is that
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3. Political interventions • Some
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Smart city strategies Smart city st
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encourage non-compliance. If priced
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• Municipalities could rightfully
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Recommendations If spatial transfor
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Finance and Innovation 275 7
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Key Messages 1 2 3 4 5 A Call to Ac
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1. The Spatial Transformation chapt
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Statements of intent in the SOCR St
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WARWICK TRIANGLE: A fragile public-
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Arguably, the primary constraint pr
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Figure 8.1: The quadruple helix - t
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• Completing the National Framewo
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development agency) that took place
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MILE’s strategic objectives are:
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Public participation should be the
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The implementation of CBP through t
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According to Cloete (2015) a partne
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The chapters in this State of Citie
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Overall Recommendations Urban space
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Ensuring city transformation throug
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Roadmap to the city dashboards All
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Buffalo City @refinedrevolt
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CITY FINANCE economy Municipal reve
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Overview of flagship programme The
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Reflections While the development o
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People and Households Size of city
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Design Capital Introduction Cities
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Manenberg Contact centre Source: P.
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City of Ekurhuleni @moography
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
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Overview of flagship programme Situ
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the corporate structure and governa
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People and Households Size of city
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Go!Durban Introduction Integrated p
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Go!Durban will include new railways
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City of JOHANNESBURG @jayjay_gregor
Page 345 and 346: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 347 and 348: Overview of flagship programme The
Page 349: However, the success of the Corrido
Page 352 and 353: People and Households Size of city
Page 354 and 355: Naval Hill Introduction Heritage is
Page 356 and 357: In December 2012, the redevelopment
Page 359 and 360: Msunduzi @natesvw
Page 361 and 362: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% CITY FINANCE e
Page 363 and 364: important tourist sites, there have
Page 365: In addition, the PURP includes the
Page 368 and 369: People and Households Size of city
Page 370 and 371: Safety and Peace through Urban Upgr
Page 372 and 373: A number of other projects have tak
Page 375 and 376: City of Tshwane @drae_savvides
Page 377 and 378: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CITY FINANC
Page 379 and 380: Wi-Fi is a significant enabler that
Page 381: The coverage map below shows the pl
Page 384 and 385: Introduction A key part of the deve
Page 386 and 387: These indicators were evaluated on
Page 388 and 389: SCODA is a partnership between citi
Page 390 and 391: Indicator PRODUCTIVE CITIES Definit
Page 392 and 393: Indicator SUSTAINABLE CITIES Defini
Page 394 and 395: 2016 State of Cities Report Spatial
Page 398 and 399: FIGURES Figure 1.1 State of South A
Page 400 and 401: . . . Figure 6.7 Percentage of seni
Page 402 and 403: References for Chapter 1 AfDB (Afri
Page 404 and 405: FFC (Financial Fiscal Commission).
Page 406 and 407: Cameron B. 2009. Integrated Rapid P
Page 408 and 409: References for Chapter 4 Balbo M. a
Page 410 and 411: Venter C and Cross C. 2014. Access
Page 412 and 413: DPME (Department of Planning and Mo
Page 414 and 415: National Treasury. 2006. Local Gove
Page 416: Tel: + 27 11 407 6471 • Fax: + 27
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