PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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Name: Date: 6.3 Momentum Which is more difficult to stop: A tractor-trailer truck barreling down the highway at 35 meters per second, or a small two-seater sports car traveling the same speed? You probably guessed that it takes more force to stop a large truck than a small car. In physics terms, we say that the truck has greater momentum. We can find momentum using this equation: momentum = mass of object × velocity of object Velocity is a term that refers to both speed and direction. For our purposes we will assume that the vehicles are traveling in a straight line. In that case, velocity and speed are the same. The equation for momentum is abbreviated like this: P = m × v. Momentum, symbolized with a P, is expressed in units of kg · m/s; m is the mass of the object, in kilograms; and v is the velocity of the object in m/s. Use your knowledge about solving equations to work out the following problems: 1. If the truck has a mass of 4,000. kilograms, what is its momentum? Express your answer in kg · m/s. 2. If the car has a mass of 1,000. kilograms, what is its momentum? 3. An 8-kilogram bowling ball is rolling in a straight line toward you. If its momentum is 16 kg · m/s, how fast is it traveling? 4. A beach ball is rolling in a straight line toward you at a speed of 0.5 m/s. Its momentum is 0.25 kg · m/s. What is the mass of the beach ball? 5. A 4,500.-kilogram truck travels in a straight line at 10. m/s. What is its momentum? 6. A 1,500.-kilogram car is also traveling in a straight line. Its momentum is equal to that of the truck in the previous question. What is the velocity of the car? 7. Which would take more force to stop in 10. seconds: an 8.0-kilogram ball rolling in a straight line at a speed of 0.2 m/s or a 4.0-kilogram ball rolling along the same path at a speed of 1.0 m/s? 8. The momentum of a car traveling in a straight line at 25 m/s is 24,500 kg·m/s. What is the car’s mass? 9. A 0.14-kilogram baseball is thrown in a straight line at a velocity of 30. m/s. What is the momentum of the baseball? 10. Another pitcher throws the same baseball in a straight line. Its momentum is 2.1 kg · m/s. What is the velocity of the ball? 11. A 1-kilogram turtle crawls in a straight line at a speed of 0.01 m/s. What is the turtle’s momentum? 6.3
Name: Date: 6.3 Momentum Conservation Just as forces are equal and opposite (according to Newton’s third law), changes in momentum are also equal and opposite. This is because when objects exert forces on each other, their motion is affected. The law of momentum conservation states that if interacting objects in a system are not acted on by outside forces, the total amount of momentum in the system cannot change. The formula below can be used to find the new velocities of objects if both keep moving after the collision. total momentum of a system before = total momentum of a system after m1v1 ( initial) m2v + 2 (initial) m1v3 (final) m2v = + 4 (final) If two objects are initially at rest, the total momentum of the system is zero. For the final momentum to be zero, the objects must have equal momenta in opposite directions. Example 1: What is the momentum of a 0.2-kilogram steel ball that is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s? 3 m momentum m× v 0.2 kg × -------s 0.6 kg m = = = ⋅ --s Example 2: You and a friend stand facing each other on ice skates. Your mass is 50. kilograms and your friend’s mass is 60. kilograms. As the two of you push off each other, you move with a velocity of 4.0 m/s to the right. What is your friend’s velocity? Looking for Solution Your friend’s velocity to the left. Given Your mass of 50. kg. Your friend’s mass of 60. kg. Your velocity of 4.0 m/s to the right. Relationship m1v3 = the momentum of a system before a collision = 0 0 = the momentum of a system after a collision 0 = m1v3 + m2v4 m1v3 = – ( m2v4 ) – ( m2v4 ) m1v3 = – ( m2v4 ) ( 50. kg) ( 4.0 m/s) = – 60. kg ( ) 200 kg-m/s – ( 60 kg) -------------------------- = v4 – 3.3 m/s = v4 ( ) v 4 Your friend’s velocity to the left is 3.3 m/s. 6.3
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Chapter and Section Chapter 1: Meas
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Chapter and Section Chapter 5: Forc
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Chapter and Section Chapter 9: Heat
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Chapter and Section Chapter 14: Cha
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Chapter and Section Chapter 18: Ear
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Chapter and Section Chapter 24: Wav
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Name: Date: 1.1 Lab Safety What can
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Page 3 of 6 Safety quiz 1. Draw a d
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Page 5 of 6 c. You suddenly you beg
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Name: Date: 1.1 Using Your Textbook
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Page 2 of 3 The following prefixes
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Name: Date: 1.1 Scientific Notation
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Page 3 of 3 3. Write the numbers in
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Page 2 of 4 Example 1: Measuring ob
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Name: Date: 1.2 Reading Strategies
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Name: Date: 1.2 Stopwatch Math What
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Name: Date: 1.2 Understanding Light
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Name: Date: 1.2 Indirect Measuremen
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Name: Date: 1.3 Dimensional Analysi
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Name: Date: Skill Builder Fractions
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Page 3 of 4 Solving fraction proble
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Name: Date: 1.3 Significant Digits
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Page 3 of 4 Follow these steps for
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Name: Date: 1.3 Study Notes This sk
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Name: Date: 1.3 Science Vocabulary
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Page 3 of 3 Using the table of pref
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Page 2 of 2 5. Earth’s moon is co
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Page 2 of 3 When precise conversion
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Name: Date: 1.4 Creating Scatterplo
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Page 3 of 3 g. What is the position
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Page 2 of 2 1.4 1. Given the variab
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Page 2 of 3 Step 3: Look at the ran
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Name: Date: 1.4 Recognizing Pattern
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Page 3 of 3 Answer the following qu
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Page 2 of 2 4. Measurements: List a
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Page 2 of 2 2. Your teacher shows y
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Page 2 of 4 Recording valid observa
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Page 4 of 4 b. How did the student
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Page 2 of 3 Name: Lucy O. Date: Jan
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Name: Date: 2.2 Using Computer Spre
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Page 3 of 3 5. The following data i
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Page 2 of 2 2. John notices that hi
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Name: Date: 3.1 Latitude and Longit
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Page 3 of 4 Use an atlas or globe t
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Name: Date: 3.1 Map Scales Mapmaker
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Page 3 of 3 f. Point Q to Point M g
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Page 2 of 5 It’s time to go! 3.1
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Page 4 of 5 37. Now you will head t
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Name: Date: 4.1 Vectors on a Map Yo
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Page 2 of 3 1. Draw a profile map o
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Name: Date: 3.3 Bathymetric Maps Im
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Page 1 of 2 3.3 Tanya Atwater Tanya
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Name: Date: 4.1 Solving Equations w
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Page 119 and 120: Page 2 of 3 1. A bicyclist travels
Page 121 and 122: Name: Date: 4.1 Velocity Speed and
Page 123 and 124: Name: Date: 4.2 Calculating Slope f
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Page 131 and 132: Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration Accele
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Page 149 and 150: Page 2 of 2 How much does it weigh
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Page 153 and 154: Name: Date: 5.3 Equilibrium When al
Page 155 and 156: Name: Date: 6.1 Net Force and Newto
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Page 159: Name: Date: 6.3 Applying Newton’s
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Page 167 and 168: Page 3 of 3 6. A 50.-g (0.050-kg) e
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Page 171 and 172: Page 2 of 2 Example 3: A 500-newton
Page 173 and 174: Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled t
Page 175 and 176: Page 2 of 2 The relationship betwee
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Page 181 and 182: Page 2 of 2 3. Now, calculate the g
Page 183 and 184: Page 2 of 2 To do this calculation,
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Page 189 and 190: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. W
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Page 197 and 198: Page 2 of 2 Reading the temperature
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Page 201 and 202: Page 4 of 4 1. Surface temperatures
Page 203 and 204: Page 2 of 2 The graph below shows a
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Page 2 of 2 d. Explain how the disp
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Page 2 of 3 Calculating volume of a
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Name: Date: 10.1 Density The densit
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Name: Date: 10.3 Pressure in Fluids
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Name: Date: 10.3 Boyle’s Law The
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Name: Date: 10.4 Charles’s Law Ch
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes 10.4 Ar
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Name: Date: 10.4 Narcís Monturiol
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes’ Prin
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Name: Date: 11.1 Layers of the Atmo
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
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Page 2 of 3 Using temperature data
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Page 1 of 2 11.3 Joanne Simpson 11.
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Name: Date: 11.3 Weather Maps You h
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Name: Date: 11.3 Tracking a Hurrica
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Page 3 of 4 Hurricane Andrew crosse
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Name: Date: 12.1 Structure of the A
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Name: Date: 12.1 Atoms and Isotopes
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Name: Date: 12.1 Ernest Rutherford
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Name: Date: 12.2 Electrons and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Periodic Table Groups T
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Page 2 of 2 Using dot diagrams to r
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Page 2 of 2 13.2 Important note: If
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Page 2 of 2 Example 2: Aluminum and
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Page 2 of 2 13.2 Predict the name o
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Page 2 of 2 Using the information i
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Page 2 of 3 Conservation of atoms T
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Name: Date: 14.1 The Avogadro Numbe
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Page 3 of 4 Substance Elements in s
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Name: Date: 14.1 Formula Mass A che
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Name: Date: 14.2 Classifying Reacti
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Name: Date: 14.2 Predicting Chemica
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Name: Date: 14.2 Percent Yield You
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Name: Date: 14.4 Lise Meitner Lise
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Name: Date: 14.4 Marie and Pierre C
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Page 3 of 3 Reading reflection 1. W
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. Page 2 of 3 i. Switches 2, 3, and
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Name: Date: 16.1 Benjamin Franklin
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Name: Date: 16.2 Using an Electric
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Page 3 of 4 Build a series circuit
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Name: Date: 16.3 Voltage, Current,
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Page 3 of 3 Now you will have the o
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Page 2 of 2 7. How much voltage wou
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Page 2 of 2 5. Use the series circu
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Page 2 of 2 In part (d) of problems
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. N
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Page 2 of 2 4. Calculate the power
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Page 2 of 4 Determining the relativ
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Name: Date: 19.1 Earth’s Interior
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Name: Date: 19.4 Continental United
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Page 3 of 4 When a mountain is form
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Name: Date: 20.1 Averaging The most
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Page 2 of 5 Locating the epicenter
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Page 4 of 5 20.1 For each of the pr
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Name: Date: 20.2 Volcano Parts 20.2
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Name: Date: 21.2 Calculating Concen
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Name: Date: 21.2 Solubility In this
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Page 3 of 3 The influence of temper
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Page 2 of 3 Work through these exam
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Name: Date: 21.3 Calculating pH The
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Name: Date: 22.1 Groundwater and We
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Page 3 of 3 Testing the model: 1. W
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Name: Date: 24.1 Period and Frequen
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 3 x-axis (blocks) Height
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Name: Date: 24.3 Decibel Scale The
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Page 2 of 2 2. Two students want to
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Name: Date: 24.3 Palm Pipes Project
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Page 3 of 3 6. Challenge: You can f
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Page 2 of 2 4. You see a chair that
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Name: Date: 25.3 Using Ray Diagrams
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Page 2 of 2 Which way does the ligh
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Page 2 of 2 25.3 1. A lens has a fo
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Name: Date: 26.1 Gravity Problems I
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Name: Date: 26.1 Universal Gravitat
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Nicolaus Copernicu
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Galileo Galilei Ga
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Johannes Kepler 26
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Name: Date: 26.1 Measuring the Moon
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Page 3 of 3 Semi-Circle Card: 26.1
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. B
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Page 2 of 2 Part 2: Provisions for
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Page 1 of 2 27.1 Arthur Walker 27.1
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Name: Date: 27.2 The Inverse Square
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Page 2 of 3 1. Fill in the missing
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Name: Date: 28.1 Understanding Ligh
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Name: Date: 28.1 Parsecs You have a
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Page 1 of 2 28.1 Edwin Hubble Edwin
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Name: Date: 28.2 Light Intensity Pr
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Page 2 of 2 If we know the brightne
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Page 2 of 2 Solving Doppler Shift P
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13. A decimeter is 100 times larger
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Skill Sheet 1.3: Significant Digits
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7. Yes, there is a relationship bet
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6. The slope is the same (2.0) unti
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13. S Sh—Sand and shells on the b
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10. 410 miles 11. 6.6 miles -------
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Skill Sheet 4.2: Analyzing Graphs o
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Skill Sheet 5.1: Mass, Weight, and
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Skill Sheet 6.3: Applying Newton’
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Skill Sheet 7.1: Mechanical Advanta
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8. The middle gear turns left. The
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Skill Sheet 7.3: Power in Flowing E
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Skill Sheet 10.1: Calculating volum
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3. Answers are: a. 100 cm 3 b. 13 N
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Skill Sheet 11.3: Weather Maps Samp
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a. b. c. d. e f. Skill Sheet 12.2:
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Skill Sheet 14.1: Chemical Equation
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must be blocking their insulin’s
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8. The current is approximately the
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7. Students can find information ab
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Skill Sheet 17.4: Electrical Power
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Skill Sheet 19.1: Charles Richter 1
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Practice 2: 1. First problem is don
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Skill Sheet 21.3: Calculating pH 1.
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Question 8 (con’t) 9. The new wav
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Skill Sheet 25.2: The Human Eye a.
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Skill Sheet 26.1: Nicolaus Copernic
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Skill Sheet 27.1: Arthur Walker 1.
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