PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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Name: Date: 14.4 Radioactivity There are three main types of radiation that involve the decay of the nucleus of an atom: • alpha radiation (α): release of a helium-4 nucleus (two protons and two neutrons). We can represent 4 helium-4 using isotope notation: 2He . The top number, 4, represents the mass number, and the bottom number represents the atomic number for helium, 2. • beta radiation (β): release of an electron. • gamma radiation (γ): release of an electromagnetic wave. Half-life The time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay is called the half-life. Four kilograms of a certain substance undergo radioactive decay. Let’s calculate the amount of substance left over after 1, 2, and 3 half-lives. • After one half-life, the substance will be reduced by half, to 2 kilograms. • After two half-lives, the substance will be reduced by another half, to 1 kilogram. • After three half-lives, the substance will be reduced by another half, to 0.5 kilogram. So, if we start with a sample of mass m that decays, after a few half-lives, the mass of the sample will be: Number of half-lives Mass left 1 ----m 1 = 2 1 2 ----m 1 = 2 2 3 ----m 1 = 2 3 4 ----m 1 = 2 4 1 --m 2 1 --m 4 1 --m 8 -----m 1 16 14.4
Page 2 of 2 1. The decay series for uranium-238 and plutonium-240 are listed below. Above each arrow, write “a” for alpha decay or “b” for beta decay to indicate which type of decay took place at each step. a. 238 → 234 → 234 → 234 → 230 → 92 U 226 88 Ra 214 84 Po 240 94 Pu 90 Th 222 86 Rn 210 82 Pb 91 Pa 218 84 Po → → → → → 210 83 Bi → → → → 240 95Am 236 93 Np b. → → → → → 228 90 Bi 212 83 Bi 224 88 Ra 224 89 Ac → → → → → 212 84 Po 208 82 Pb → → → 18 92 U 214 82 Pb 210 84 Po 232 91 Pa 220 87 Fr 208 83 Bi 90 Th 214 83 Bi 206 82 Pb 232 92 U 216 85 At 2. Fluorine-18 ( 9F ) has a half-life of 110 seconds. This material is used extensively in medicine. The hospital 18 laboratory starts the day at 9 a.m. with 10 grams of 9F . a. How many half-lives for fluorine-18 occur in 11 minutes (660 seconds)? b. How much of the 10-gram sample of fluorine-18 would be left after 11 minutes? 14 3. The isotope 6C has a half-life of 5,730 years. What is the fraction of 6C in a sample with mass, m, after 28,650 years? 4. What is the half-life of this radioactive isotope that decreases to one-fourth its original amount in 18 months? 5. This diagram illustrates a formula that is used to calculate the intensity of radiation from a radioactive source. Radiation “radiates” from a source into a spherical area. Therefore, you can calculate intensity using the area of a sphere ( 4πr ). Use the formula and the diagram to help you answer the questions below. 2 a. A radiation source with a power of 1,000. watts is located at a point in space. What is the intensity of radiation at a distance of 10. meters from the source? b. The fusion reaction releases 2.8 × 10 –12 2 1H H joules of energy. How many such reactions must occur every second in order to light a 100-watt light bulb? Note that one watt equals one joule per second. 3 4 + 1 → 2He + n + energy 14 14.4
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Chapter and Section Chapter 1: Meas
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Chapter and Section Chapter 5: Forc
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Chapter and Section Chapter 9: Heat
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Chapter and Section Chapter 14: Cha
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Chapter and Section Chapter 18: Ear
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Chapter and Section Chapter 24: Wav
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Name: Date: 1.1 Lab Safety What can
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Page 3 of 6 Safety quiz 1. Draw a d
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Page 5 of 6 c. You suddenly you beg
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Name: Date: 1.1 Using Your Textbook
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Page 2 of 3 The following prefixes
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Name: Date: 1.1 Scientific Notation
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Page 3 of 3 3. Write the numbers in
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Page 2 of 4 Example 1: Measuring ob
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Page 4 of 4 4. . Prefix Symbol Mult
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Name: Date: 1.2 Reading Strategies
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Name: Date: 1.2 Stopwatch Math What
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Name: Date: 1.2 Understanding Light
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Name: Date: 1.2 Indirect Measuremen
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Name: Date: 1.3 Dimensional Analysi
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Name: Date: Skill Builder Fractions
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Page 3 of 4 Solving fraction proble
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Name: Date: 1.3 Significant Digits
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Page 3 of 4 Follow these steps for
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Name: Date: 1.3 Study Notes This sk
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Name: Date: 1.3 Science Vocabulary
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Page 3 of 3 Using the table of pref
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Page 2 of 2 5. Earth’s moon is co
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Page 2 of 3 When precise conversion
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Name: Date: 1.4 Creating Scatterplo
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Page 3 of 3 g. What is the position
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Page 2 of 2 1.4 1. Given the variab
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Page 2 of 3 Step 3: Look at the ran
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Name: Date: 1.4 Recognizing Pattern
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Page 3 of 3 Answer the following qu
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Page 2 of 2 4. Measurements: List a
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Page 2 of 2 2. Your teacher shows y
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Page 2 of 4 Recording valid observa
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Page 4 of 4 b. How did the student
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Page 2 of 3 Name: Lucy O. Date: Jan
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Name: Date: 2.2 Using Computer Spre
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Page 3 of 3 5. The following data i
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Page 2 of 2 2. John notices that hi
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Name: Date: 3.1 Latitude and Longit
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Page 3 of 4 Use an atlas or globe t
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Name: Date: 3.1 Map Scales Mapmaker
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Page 3 of 3 f. Point Q to Point M g
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Page 2 of 5 It’s time to go! 3.1
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Page 4 of 5 37. Now you will head t
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Name: Date: 4.1 Vectors on a Map Yo
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Page 2 of 3 1. Draw a profile map o
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Name: Date: 3.3 Bathymetric Maps Im
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Page 1 of 2 3.3 Tanya Atwater Tanya
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Name: Date: 4.1 Solving Equations w
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Page 3 of 4 Use the formula V = l
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Name: Date: 4.1 Problem Solving Box
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Page 2 of 3 In problems 6 and 7, yo
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Name: Date: 4.1 Percent Error When
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Page 3 of 3 1. The lab group conduc
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Page 2 of 3 1. A bicyclist travels
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Name: Date: 4.1 Velocity Speed and
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Name: Date: 4.2 Calculating Slope f
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Page 3 of 4 1. For each position-ti
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration Accele
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration and Sp
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Page 3 of 3 3. Graph 3: 4. Find acc
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Page 2 of 3 Example 1: How fast wil
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Name: Date: 5.1 Ratios and Proporti
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Name: Date: 5.1 Internet Research S
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Name: Date: 5.1 Preparing a Bibliog
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Name: Date: 5.1 Mass vs. Weight Wha
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Page 2 of 2 1. A physical science t
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Page 2 of 2 How much does it weigh
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Name: Date: 5.3 Equilibrium When al
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Name: Date: 6.1 Net Force and Newto
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. I
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Name: Date: 6.3 Applying Newton’s
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Name: Date: 6.3 Momentum Conservati
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Name: Date: 6.3 Collisions and Cons
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Name: Date: 6.3 Rate of Change of M
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Page 3 of 3 6. A 50.-g (0.050-kg) e
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Page 2 of 2 1. A machine uses an in
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Page 2 of 2 Example 3: A 500-newton
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Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled t
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Page 2 of 2 The relationship betwee
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Page 2 of 2 6. Use the gear ratio f
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Page 2 of 2 The three classes of le
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Page 2 of 2 3. Now, calculate the g
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Page 2 of 2 To do this calculation,
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Name: Date: 7.2 Energy Transformati
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Name: Date: 7.2 Conservation of Ene
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. W
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power In science, w
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power in Flowing En
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Name: Date: 7.3 Efficiency and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Reading the temperature
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Page 2 of 4 1. For each of the prob
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Page 4 of 4 1. Surface temperatures
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Page 2 of 2 The graph below shows a
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Name: Date: 9.1 Using the Heat Equa
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Name: Date: 10.1 Measuring Mass wit
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Page 3 of 3 Reading the balance cor
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Page 2 of 2 d. Explain how the disp
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Page 2 of 3 Calculating volume of a
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Name: Date: 10.1 Density The densit
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Name: Date: 10.3 Pressure in Fluids
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Name: Date: 10.3 Boyle’s Law The
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Name: Date: 10.4 Charles’s Law Ch
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes 10.4 Ar
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Name: Date: 10.4 Narcís Monturiol
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes’ Prin
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Name: Date: 11.1 Layers of the Atmo
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
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Page 2 of 3 Using temperature data
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Page 1 of 2 11.3 Joanne Simpson 11.
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Page 243 and 244: Name: Date: 12.1 Structure of the A
Page 245 and 246: Name: Date: 12.1 Atoms and Isotopes
Page 247 and 248: Name: Date: 12.1 Ernest Rutherford
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Page 257 and 258: Page 2 of 2 13.2 Important note: If
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Page 261 and 262: Page 2 of 2 13.2 Predict the name o
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Page 265 and 266: Page 2 of 3 Conservation of atoms T
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Page 269 and 270: Page 3 of 4 Substance Elements in s
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Page 295 and 296: Name: Date: 16.1 Benjamin Franklin
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Page 299 and 300: Page 3 of 4 Build a series circuit
Page 301 and 302: Name: Date: 16.3 Voltage, Current,
Page 303 and 304: Page 3 of 3 Now you will have the o
Page 305 and 306: Page 2 of 2 7. How much voltage wou
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Page 309 and 310: Page 2 of 2 In part (d) of problems
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Page 329 and 330: Page 2 of 4 Determining the relativ
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Page 335 and 336: Name: Date: 19.1 Earth’s Interior
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. W
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. E
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Name: Date: 19.4 Continental United
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Page 3 of 4 When a mountain is form
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Name: Date: 20.1 Averaging The most
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Page 2 of 5 Locating the epicenter
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Page 4 of 5 20.1 For each of the pr
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Name: Date: 20.2 Volcano Parts 20.2
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Name: Date: 21.2 Calculating Concen
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Name: Date: 21.2 Solubility In this
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Page 3 of 3 The influence of temper
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Page 2 of 3 Work through these exam
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Name: Date: 21.3 Calculating pH The
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Name: Date: 22.1 Groundwater and We
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Page 3 of 3 Testing the model: 1. W
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Name: Date: 24.1 Period and Frequen
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 3 x-axis (blocks) Height
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Name: Date: 24.3 Decibel Scale The
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Page 2 of 2 2. Two students want to
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Name: Date: 24.3 Palm Pipes Project
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Page 3 of 3 6. Challenge: You can f
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Page 2 of 2 4. You see a chair that
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Name: Date: 25.3 Using Ray Diagrams
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Page 2 of 2 2. Light strikes a mirr
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Page 2 of 2 Which way does the ligh
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Page 2 of 2 25.3 1. A lens has a fo
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Name: Date: 26.1 Gravity Problems I
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Name: Date: 26.1 Universal Gravitat
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Nicolaus Copernicu
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Galileo Galilei Ga
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Johannes Kepler 26
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Name: Date: 26.1 Measuring the Moon
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Page 3 of 3 Semi-Circle Card: 26.1
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. B
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Page 2 of 2 Part 2: Provisions for
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Page 1 of 2 27.1 Arthur Walker 27.1
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Name: Date: 27.2 The Inverse Square
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Page 2 of 3 1. Fill in the missing
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Name: Date: 28.1 Understanding Ligh
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Name: Date: 28.1 Parsecs You have a
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Page 1 of 2 28.1 Edwin Hubble Edwin
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Name: Date: 28.2 Light Intensity Pr
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Page 2 of 2 If we know the brightne
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Page 2 of 2 Solving Doppler Shift P
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13. A decimeter is 100 times larger
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Skill Sheet 1.3: Significant Digits
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7. Yes, there is a relationship bet
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6. The slope is the same (2.0) unti
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13. S Sh—Sand and shells on the b
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10. 410 miles 11. 6.6 miles -------
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Skill Sheet 4.2: Analyzing Graphs o
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Skill Sheet 5.1: Mass, Weight, and
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Skill Sheet 6.3: Applying Newton’
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Skill Sheet 7.1: Mechanical Advanta
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8. The middle gear turns left. The
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Skill Sheet 7.3: Power in Flowing E
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Skill Sheet 10.1: Calculating volum
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3. Answers are: a. 100 cm 3 b. 13 N
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Skill Sheet 11.3: Weather Maps Samp
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a. b. c. d. e f. Skill Sheet 12.2:
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Skill Sheet 14.1: Chemical Equation
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must be blocking their insulin’s
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8. The current is approximately the
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7. Students can find information ab
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Skill Sheet 17.4: Electrical Power
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Skill Sheet 19.1: Charles Richter 1
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Practice 2: 1. First problem is don
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Skill Sheet 21.3: Calculating pH 1.
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Question 8 (con’t) 9. The new wav
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Skill Sheet 25.2: The Human Eye a.
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Skill Sheet 26.1: Nicolaus Copernic
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Skill Sheet 27.1: Arthur Walker 1.
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