PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

Part 2 answers:
1. Answers:
Day High Low Average Heating Cooling
temp temp temp 2 degree day degree day
1 73 61 67 0 2
2 63 52 58 7 0
3 70 44 57 8 0
4 65 52 59 6 0
5 83 58 71 0 6
6 79 59 69 0 4
7 74 60 67 0 2
8 71 53 62 3 0
9 90 70 80 0 15
10 82 62 72 0 7
11 65 52 59 6 0
12 71 52 62 3 0
13 74 56 65 0 0
14 75 60 68 0 3
Two week totals: 33 39
2. St. Louis residents were more likely to use heating systems on
six days and more likely to cool their homes on seven days.
However, many of these days had such small degree day
values that residents may have used either system only rarely.
The most likely day to use energy for heating or cooling was
May 9, with a cooling degree day value of 15.
Part 3 answers:
1. Total heating degree day value: 33
2. Total cooling degree day value: 39
3. The monthly total heating degree day value for May 2003 was
33+31, or 64. The monthly total cooling degree day value was
39+32, or 71.
4. May 2003’s total heating degree day value was 15 less than
normal, and its total cooling degree day value was 43 less
than normal. With average temperatures closer to 65°F, St.
Louis residents probably used less energy for heating and
cooling in May than is usually needed.
Skill Sheet 11.3: Joanne Simpson
1. Simpson is the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in meteorology,
the first person to create a computerized cloud model, and the
first woman to have served as president of the American
Meteorological Society.
2. Simpson faced discrimination based on the fact that she was a
woman. At the end of the war, most women returned home after
temporarily filling the roles of men away during the war.
Simpson was not one of those women. She continued on with
her studies after teaching meteorology to aviation cadets. She
earned a master’s degree and was so interested in meteorology
that she wanted to go on for a Ph.D. Her advisor and the all-male
faculty at her university did not support a woman going on for
an advanced degree. They felt that women were unable to do the
work which included shifts and flying planes. Simpson did
finally find an advisor to support her Ph.D., but even he had
negative comments about her topic. Simpson did have difficulty
finding a job, but eventually landed a position as an assistant
professor of physics. She continued to move into numerous
positions and did not let others’ opinions and comments stop her
career pursuits.
3. Students should comment on Simpson’s determination
despite the obstacles she faced along her journey to complete
her degree and to work in the field of meteorology. Students
will understand that if you really want to achieve a goal, you
need to stay focused, work hard, and not be discouraged by
negative opinions along the way.
Page 29 of 57
Part 4 answers:
1. Graph:
2. January
3. July
4. Answers are:
a. I chose May because the total heating and cooling degree
day values are significantly less than any other month, and
because many days with low degree day values probably
won’t require any actual heating or cooling.
b. You would need to know how much energy it takes to run
each system per hour, the type of fuel used to run it, and
the cost of the fuel. Natural gas and heating oil are
commonly used for home heating systems, while
electricity (most commonly generated by coal or natural
gas) is commonly used for air conditioning systems.
Electricity is often more expensive than natural gas or
heating oil. As a result, cooling a home is often more
expensive than heating it.
4. A slide rule is a mechanical tool used to calculate complicated
mathematical problems involving multiplication, divisions,
square roots, cube roots, and trigonometry. The invention of
the slide rule dates back to the 16th century. The slide rule, a
handheld tool, was used commonly in science and
engineering. The scientific calculator and computers made
the slide rule obsolete.
5. This is the highest award given by the American
Meteorological Society for atmospheric science including
meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and
atmospheric chemistry. It is named after Carl-Gustaf Rossby,
a leader in the fields of oceanography and meteorology. He
was also the 2nd recipient of this award.
6. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) is located in
Woods Hole, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. Scientists at
WHOI study oceans, their function, and their interaction with
the Earth. WHOI provides opportunities for research and
higher education. Students can visit the WHOI website on the
Internet for more information.
7. Students can locate hot tower clouds in scientific articles or
websites. Hot towers are commonly associated with
hurricanes. The NASA website provides some specific
information about hot towers.