PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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Name: Date: 7.2 Potential and Kinetic Energy This skill sheet reviews various forms of energy and introduces formulas for two kinds of mechanical energy— potential and kinetic. You will learn how to calculate the amount of kinetic or potential energy for an object. Forms of energy Forms of energy include radiant energy from the sun, chemical energy from the food you eat, and electrical energy from the outlets in your home. Mechanical energy refers to the energy an object has because of its motion. All these forms of energy may be used or stored. Energy that is stored is called potential energy. Energy that is being used for motion is called kinetic energy. All types of energy are measured in joules or newton-meters. Potential energy The word potential means that something is capable of becoming active. Potential energy sometimes is referred to as stored energy. This type of energy often comes from the position of an object relative to Earth. A diver on the high diving board has more energy than someone who dives into the pool from the low dive. The formula to calculate the potential energy of an object is the mass of the object times the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s 2 ) times the height of the object. Did you notice that the mass of the object in kilograms times the acceleration of gravity (g) is the same as the weight of the object in newtons? Therefore you can think of an object’s potential energy as equal to the object’s weight multiplied by its height. So... Kinetic energy 1 N = 1 kg i 2 m 2 s = 1 joule= 1 kg i 1 N i m Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Kinetic energy depends on the mass of the object as well as the speed of that object. Just think of a large object moving at a very high speed. You would say that the object has a lot of energy. Since the object is moving, it has kinetic energy. The formula for kinetic energy is: m 2 s Ep= mgh 9.8 m mass of the object (kilograms) × = weight of the object (newtons) 2 s E p = weight of object × height of object 1 Ek= mv 2 2 7.2
Page 2 of 2 To do this calculation, square the velocity value. Next, multiply by the mass, and then divide by 2. How are these mechanical energy formulas used in everyday situations? Take a look at two example problems. • A 50 kg boy and his 100 kg father went jogging. Both ran at a rate of 5 m/s. Who had more kinetic energy? Show your work and explain. Solution: Although the boy and his father were running at the same speed, the father has more kinetic energy because he has more mass. The kinetic energy of the boy: The kinetic energy of the father: 2 2 1 ⎛5 m⎞ m (50 kg) ⎜ ⎟ = 625 kg i = 625 joules 2 2 ⎝ s ⎠ s 2 2 1 ⎛5 m⎞ m (100 kg) ⎜ ⎟ = 1,250 kg i = 1,250 joules 2 2 ⎝ s ⎠ s • What is the potential energy of a 10 N book that is placed on a shelf that is 2.5 m high? Solution: The book’s weight (10 N) is equal to its mass times the acceleration of gravity. Therefore, you can easily use this value in the potential energy formula: potential energy = mgh = (10 N)(2.5 m) = 25 N i m = 25 joules Now it is your turn to try calculating potential and kinetic energy. Don’t forget to keep track of the units! 1. Determine the amount of potential energy of a 5.0-N book that is moved to three different shelves on a bookcase. The height of each shelf is 1.0 m, 1.5 m, and 2.0 m. 2. You are on in-line skates at the top of a small hill. Your potential energy is equal to 1,000. J. The last time you checked, your mass was 60.0 kg. a. What is your weight in newtons? b. What is the height of the hill? c. If you start rolling down this hill, your potential energy will be converted to kinetic energy. At the bottom of the hill, your kinetic energy will be equal to your potential energy at the top. Calculate your speed at the bottom of the hill. 3. A 1.0-kg ball is thrown into the air with an initial velocity of 30. m/s. a. How much kinetic energy does the ball have? b. How much potential energy does the ball have when it reaches the top of its ascent? c. How high into the air did the ball travel? 4. What is the kinetic energy of a 2,000.-kg boat moving at 5.0 m/s? 5. What is the velocity of an 500-kg elevator that has 4000 J of energy? 6. What is the mass of an object traveling at 30. m/s if it has 33,750 J of energy? 7.2
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Chapter and Section Chapter 1: Meas
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Chapter and Section Chapter 5: Forc
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Chapter and Section Chapter 9: Heat
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Chapter and Section Chapter 14: Cha
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Chapter and Section Chapter 18: Ear
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Chapter and Section Chapter 24: Wav
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Name: Date: 1.1 Lab Safety What can
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Page 3 of 6 Safety quiz 1. Draw a d
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Page 5 of 6 c. You suddenly you beg
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Name: Date: 1.1 Using Your Textbook
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Page 2 of 3 The following prefixes
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Name: Date: 1.1 Scientific Notation
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Page 3 of 3 3. Write the numbers in
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Page 2 of 4 Example 1: Measuring ob
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Page 4 of 4 4. . Prefix Symbol Mult
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Name: Date: 1.2 Reading Strategies
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Name: Date: 1.2 Stopwatch Math What
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Name: Date: 1.2 Understanding Light
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Name: Date: 1.2 Indirect Measuremen
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Name: Date: 1.3 Dimensional Analysi
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Name: Date: Skill Builder Fractions
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Page 3 of 4 Solving fraction proble
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Name: Date: 1.3 Significant Digits
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Page 3 of 4 Follow these steps for
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Name: Date: 1.3 Study Notes This sk
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Name: Date: 1.3 Science Vocabulary
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Page 3 of 3 Using the table of pref
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Page 2 of 2 5. Earth’s moon is co
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Page 2 of 3 When precise conversion
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Name: Date: 1.4 Creating Scatterplo
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Page 3 of 3 g. What is the position
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Page 2 of 2 1.4 1. Given the variab
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Page 2 of 3 Step 3: Look at the ran
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Name: Date: 1.4 Recognizing Pattern
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Page 3 of 3 Answer the following qu
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Page 2 of 2 4. Measurements: List a
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Page 2 of 2 2. Your teacher shows y
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Page 2 of 4 Recording valid observa
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Page 4 of 4 b. How did the student
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Page 2 of 3 Name: Lucy O. Date: Jan
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Name: Date: 2.2 Using Computer Spre
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Page 3 of 3 5. The following data i
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Page 2 of 2 2. John notices that hi
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Name: Date: 3.1 Latitude and Longit
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Page 3 of 4 Use an atlas or globe t
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Name: Date: 3.1 Map Scales Mapmaker
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Page 3 of 3 f. Point Q to Point M g
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Page 2 of 5 It’s time to go! 3.1
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Page 4 of 5 37. Now you will head t
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Name: Date: 4.1 Vectors on a Map Yo
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Page 2 of 3 1. Draw a profile map o
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Name: Date: 3.3 Bathymetric Maps Im
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Page 1 of 2 3.3 Tanya Atwater Tanya
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Name: Date: 4.1 Solving Equations w
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Page 3 of 4 Use the formula V = l
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Name: Date: 4.1 Problem Solving Box
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Page 2 of 3 In problems 6 and 7, yo
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Name: Date: 4.1 Percent Error When
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Page 3 of 3 1. The lab group conduc
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Page 2 of 3 1. A bicyclist travels
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Name: Date: 4.1 Velocity Speed and
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Name: Date: 4.2 Calculating Slope f
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Page 3 of 4 1. For each position-ti
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
Page 131 and 132: Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration Accele
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Page 137 and 138: Page 2 of 3 Example 1: How fast wil
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Page 141 and 142: Name: Date: 5.1 Internet Research S
Page 143 and 144: Name: Date: 5.1 Preparing a Bibliog
Page 145 and 146: Name: Date: 5.1 Mass vs. Weight Wha
Page 147 and 148: Page 2 of 2 1. A physical science t
Page 149 and 150: Page 2 of 2 How much does it weigh
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Page 153 and 154: Name: Date: 5.3 Equilibrium When al
Page 155 and 156: Name: Date: 6.1 Net Force and Newto
Page 157 and 158: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. I
Page 159 and 160: Name: Date: 6.3 Applying Newton’s
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Page 163 and 164: Name: Date: 6.3 Collisions and Cons
Page 165 and 166: Name: Date: 6.3 Rate of Change of M
Page 167 and 168: Page 3 of 3 6. A 50.-g (0.050-kg) e
Page 169 and 170: Page 2 of 2 1. A machine uses an in
Page 171 and 172: Page 2 of 2 Example 3: A 500-newton
Page 173 and 174: Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled t
Page 175 and 176: Page 2 of 2 The relationship betwee
Page 177 and 178: Page 2 of 2 6. Use the gear ratio f
Page 179 and 180: Page 2 of 2 The three classes of le
Page 181: Page 2 of 2 3. Now, calculate the g
Page 185 and 186: Name: Date: 7.2 Energy Transformati
Page 187 and 188: Name: Date: 7.2 Conservation of Ene
Page 189 and 190: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. W
Page 191 and 192: Name: Date: 7.3 Power In science, w
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Page 195 and 196: Name: Date: 7.3 Efficiency and Ener
Page 197 and 198: Page 2 of 2 Reading the temperature
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Page 201 and 202: Page 4 of 4 1. Surface temperatures
Page 203 and 204: Page 2 of 2 The graph below shows a
Page 205 and 206: Name: Date: 9.1 Using the Heat Equa
Page 207 and 208: Name: Date: 10.1 Measuring Mass wit
Page 209 and 210: Page 3 of 3 Reading the balance cor
Page 211 and 212: Page 2 of 2 d. Explain how the disp
Page 213 and 214: Page 2 of 3 Calculating volume of a
Page 215 and 216: Name: Date: 10.1 Density The densit
Page 217 and 218: Name: Date: 10.3 Pressure in Fluids
Page 219 and 220: Name: Date: 10.3 Boyle’s Law The
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Page 223 and 224: Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes 10.4 Ar
Page 225 and 226: Name: Date: 10.4 Narcís Monturiol
Page 227 and 228: Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes’ Prin
Page 229 and 230: Name: Date: 11.1 Layers of the Atmo
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Page 2 of 3 Using temperature data
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Page 1 of 2 11.3 Joanne Simpson 11.
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Name: Date: 11.3 Weather Maps You h
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Name: Date: 11.3 Tracking a Hurrica
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Page 3 of 4 Hurricane Andrew crosse
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Name: Date: 12.1 Structure of the A
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Name: Date: 12.1 Atoms and Isotopes
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Name: Date: 12.1 Ernest Rutherford
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Name: Date: 12.2 Electrons and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
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Page 2 of 2 Periodic Table Groups T
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Page 2 of 2 Using dot diagrams to r
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Page 2 of 2 13.2 Important note: If
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Page 2 of 2 Example 2: Aluminum and
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Page 2 of 2 13.2 Predict the name o
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Page 2 of 2 Using the information i
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Page 2 of 3 Conservation of atoms T
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Name: Date: 14.1 The Avogadro Numbe
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Page 3 of 4 Substance Elements in s
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Name: Date: 14.1 Formula Mass A che
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Name: Date: 14.2 Classifying Reacti
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Name: Date: 14.2 Predicting Chemica
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Name: Date: 14.2 Percent Yield You
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Name: Date: 14.4 Lise Meitner Lise
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Name: Date: 14.4 Marie and Pierre C
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Page 3 of 3 Reading reflection 1. W
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. R
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. U
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Page 2 of 2 1. The decay series for
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. D
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. Page 2 of 3 i. Switches 2, 3, and
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Name: Date: 16.1 Benjamin Franklin
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Name: Date: 16.2 Using an Electric
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Page 3 of 4 Build a series circuit
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Name: Date: 16.3 Voltage, Current,
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Page 3 of 3 Now you will have the o
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Page 2 of 2 7. How much voltage wou
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Page 2 of 2 5. Use the series circu
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Page 2 of 2 In part (d) of problems
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. N
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Page 2 of 2 7. The directions—nor
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Page 2 of 2 6. Repeat step 5 to for
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Page 2 of 2 A transformer steps dow
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Page 2 of 2 4. Calculate the power
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Page 2 of 4 Determining the relativ
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Page 4 of 4 Extension—Creating cl
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. N
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Name: Date: 19.1 Earth’s Interior
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. L
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. E
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Name: Date: 19.4 Continental United
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Page 3 of 4 When a mountain is form
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Name: Date: 20.1 Averaging The most
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Page 2 of 5 Locating the epicenter
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Page 4 of 5 20.1 For each of the pr
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Name: Date: 20.2 Volcano Parts 20.2
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Name: Date: 21.2 Calculating Concen
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Name: Date: 21.2 Solubility In this
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Page 3 of 3 The influence of temper
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Page 2 of 3 Work through these exam
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Name: Date: 21.3 Calculating pH The
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Name: Date: 22.1 Groundwater and We
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Page 3 of 3 Testing the model: 1. W
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Name: Date: 24.1 Period and Frequen
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 3 x-axis (blocks) Height
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Name: Date: 24.3 Decibel Scale The
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Page 2 of 2 2. Two students want to
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Name: Date: 24.3 Palm Pipes Project
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Page 3 of 3 6. Challenge: You can f
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Page 2 of 2 4. You see a chair that
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Name: Date: 25.3 Using Ray Diagrams
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Page 2 of 2 2. Light strikes a mirr
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Page 2 of 2 Which way does the ligh
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Page 2 of 2 25.3 1. A lens has a fo
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Name: Date: 26.1 Gravity Problems I
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Name: Date: 26.1 Universal Gravitat
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Nicolaus Copernicu
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Galileo Galilei Ga
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Johannes Kepler 26
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Name: Date: 26.1 Measuring the Moon
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Page 3 of 3 Semi-Circle Card: 26.1
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. B
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Page 2 of 2 Part 2: Provisions for
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Page 1 of 2 27.1 Arthur Walker 27.1
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Name: Date: 27.2 The Inverse Square
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Page 2 of 3 1. Fill in the missing
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Name: Date: 28.1 Understanding Ligh
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Name: Date: 28.1 Parsecs You have a
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Page 1 of 2 28.1 Edwin Hubble Edwin
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Name: Date: 28.2 Light Intensity Pr
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Page 2 of 2 If we know the brightne
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Page 2 of 2 Solving Doppler Shift P
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13. A decimeter is 100 times larger
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Skill Sheet 1.3: Significant Digits
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7. Yes, there is a relationship bet
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6. The slope is the same (2.0) unti
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13. S Sh—Sand and shells on the b
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10. 410 miles 11. 6.6 miles -------
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Skill Sheet 4.2: Analyzing Graphs o
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Skill Sheet 5.1: Mass, Weight, and
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Skill Sheet 6.3: Applying Newton’
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Skill Sheet 7.1: Mechanical Advanta
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8. The middle gear turns left. The
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Skill Sheet 7.3: Power in Flowing E
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Skill Sheet 10.1: Calculating volum
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3. Answers are: a. 100 cm 3 b. 13 N
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Skill Sheet 11.3: Weather Maps Samp
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a. b. c. d. e f. Skill Sheet 12.2:
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Skill Sheet 14.1: Chemical Equation
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must be blocking their insulin’s
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8. The current is approximately the
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7. Students can find information ab
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Skill Sheet 17.4: Electrical Power
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Skill Sheet 19.1: Charles Richter 1
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Practice 2: 1. First problem is don
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Skill Sheet 21.3: Calculating pH 1.
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Question 8 (con’t) 9. The new wav
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Skill Sheet 25.2: The Human Eye a.
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Skill Sheet 26.1: Nicolaus Copernic
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Skill Sheet 27.1: Arthur Walker 1.
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PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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