PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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Page 1 of 2 19.1 Charles Richter 19.1 Richter is the most recognized name in seismology due to the earthquake magnitude scale he codeveloped. But Earth science was never a subject of interest to this bright young physicist, until a mentor made an interesting suggestion and a “happy accident” introduced him to seismology. The unexpected path Charles F. Richter was born on April 26, 1900 in Hamilton, Ohio. When he was 16, Charles and his mother left their Ohio farm and moved to Los Angeles. Richter attended the University of Southern California from 1916–1917, and then earned a bachelor’s degree in physics at Stanford University. It was during his Ph.D. studies in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) that Richter began his work in seismology, quite by accident. In 1927, Richter was working on his Ph.D. under the Nobel Prize winning physicist Dr. Robert Millikan. One day, Dr. Millikan called Richter into his office and presented him with an opportunity. The Caltech Seismology Laboratory was in need of a physicist, and although Richter had never done any Earth science work, Dr. Millikan thought he might be a good person for the job. Richter was a little surprised, but decided to talk to Harry Wood, the lead scientist in charge of the lab. Richter became intrigued and decided to join the seismology lab located in Pasadena, California. Richter described this introduction to the science that would become his life’s work as a “happy accident.” Doing something ordinary One of Charles Richter’s most famous sayings is based on looking back at his own life: “Don’t wait for extraordinary circumstance to do good; try to use ordinary situations.” When he first started at the seismology lab, Richter was busy with the routine work of measuring seismograms and locating earthquakes, so that a catalog of epicenters and occurrence times could be set up. At the time, this kind of earthquake study was new. Harry Wood was leading the effort to use southern California’s active seismic setting to gain a better understanding of earthquakes. This creative setting allowed Richter to attempt to develop new ways to “rate” earthquakes based on the seismic waves they produced. Since the lab used seven seismographs to record activity, Richter suggested that they compare quakes to one another using the amplitude of each quake measured at all seven locations. To do this, the seismic readings needed to be corrected to take into account the differences in distance from the epicenters. Richter had learned of a method to do this based on large earthquakes, but the magnitudes that Richter was studying ranged from tiny to very large. Collaboration and success Richter thought that the size difference in the magnitudes was unmanageably large. Fellow scientist Dr. Beno Gutenberg suggested that they plot the magnitudes using powers of 10. A magnitude two earthquake would represent 10 times the amplitude of ground motion of a magnitude one. A magnitude three would be 100 times a magnitude one, a four would be 1,000 times a magnitude one, and so on. Richter realized this was the obvious answer to his problem. When he used this method and graphed the results, it worked! At first it could be used only for southern California, because the system was only meant to compare quakes of that region using the seven seismographs in their lab. A new way to rate earthquakes In 1935, Richter and Gutenberg published their magnitude scale system. By 1936, they had worked out how their system could be used in all parts of the world, with any type of instrument. Before this, the Mercalli scale had been used to rate the magnitude of earthquakes, but it was based on local damage to buildings and people’s reactions to a quake. Richter and Gutenberg’s scale allowed for a more absolute and scientific method to be used by anyone, anywhere in the world.
Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. Look up the definition of each boldface word in the article. Write down the definitions and be sure to credit your source. 2. What do you think you would feel like if a world reknown scientist like Dr. Robert Millikan recommended you for a job? How would you feel if accepting that job meant that you could no longer work closely with Dr. Millikan? 3. How did Richter respond to his new job? 4. Who helped Richter refine his idea into a working model? 5. Name a scale other than the Richter scale that scientists use to evaluate earthquakes. 6. Research: Why do scientists use different scales to rate earthquakes? 7. Research: What is the difference between a seismograph and a seismometer? 19.1
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Chapter and Section Chapter 1: Meas
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Chapter and Section Chapter 5: Forc
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Chapter and Section Chapter 9: Heat
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Chapter and Section Chapter 14: Cha
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Chapter and Section Chapter 18: Ear
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Chapter and Section Chapter 24: Wav
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Name: Date: 1.1 Lab Safety What can
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Page 3 of 6 Safety quiz 1. Draw a d
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Page 5 of 6 c. You suddenly you beg
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Name: Date: 1.1 Using Your Textbook
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Page 2 of 3 The following prefixes
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Name: Date: 1.1 Scientific Notation
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Page 3 of 3 3. Write the numbers in
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Page 2 of 4 Example 1: Measuring ob
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Page 4 of 4 4. . Prefix Symbol Mult
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Name: Date: 1.2 Reading Strategies
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Name: Date: 1.2 Stopwatch Math What
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Name: Date: 1.2 Understanding Light
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Name: Date: 1.2 Indirect Measuremen
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Name: Date: 1.3 Dimensional Analysi
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Name: Date: Skill Builder Fractions
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Page 3 of 4 Solving fraction proble
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Name: Date: 1.3 Significant Digits
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Page 3 of 4 Follow these steps for
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Name: Date: 1.3 Study Notes This sk
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Name: Date: 1.3 Science Vocabulary
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Page 3 of 3 Using the table of pref
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Page 2 of 2 5. Earth’s moon is co
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Name: Date: 1.4 Creating Scatterplo
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Page 2 of 3 Step 3: Look at the ran
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Name: Date: 1.4 Recognizing Pattern
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Page 3 of 3 Answer the following qu
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Page 2 of 2 4. Measurements: List a
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Page 2 of 2 2. Your teacher shows y
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Page 2 of 4 Recording valid observa
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Page 4 of 4 b. How did the student
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Page 2 of 3 Name: Lucy O. Date: Jan
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Name: Date: 2.2 Using Computer Spre
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Page 3 of 3 5. The following data i
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Page 2 of 2 2. John notices that hi
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Name: Date: 3.1 Latitude and Longit
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Page 3 of 4 Use an atlas or globe t
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Name: Date: 3.1 Map Scales Mapmaker
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Page 2 of 5 It’s time to go! 3.1
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Name: Date: 4.1 Vectors on a Map Yo
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Page 2 of 3 1. Draw a profile map o
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Name: Date: 3.3 Bathymetric Maps Im
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Page 1 of 2 3.3 Tanya Atwater Tanya
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Name: Date: 4.1 Solving Equations w
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Page 3 of 4 Use the formula V = l
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Name: Date: 4.1 Problem Solving Box
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Page 2 of 3 In problems 6 and 7, yo
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Name: Date: 4.1 Percent Error When
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Page 3 of 3 1. The lab group conduc
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Page 2 of 3 1. A bicyclist travels
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Name: Date: 4.1 Velocity Speed and
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Name: Date: 4.2 Calculating Slope f
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Page 3 of 4 1. For each position-ti
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration Accele
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration and Sp
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Page 3 of 3 3. Graph 3: 4. Find acc
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Page 2 of 3 Example 1: How fast wil
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Name: Date: 5.1 Ratios and Proporti
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Name: Date: 5.1 Internet Research S
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Name: Date: 5.1 Preparing a Bibliog
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Name: Date: 5.1 Mass vs. Weight Wha
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Page 2 of 2 1. A physical science t
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Page 2 of 2 How much does it weigh
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Name: Date: 5.3 Equilibrium When al
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Name: Date: 6.1 Net Force and Newto
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. I
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Name: Date: 6.3 Applying Newton’s
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Name: Date: 6.3 Momentum Conservati
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Name: Date: 6.3 Collisions and Cons
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Name: Date: 6.3 Rate of Change of M
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Page 3 of 3 6. A 50.-g (0.050-kg) e
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Page 2 of 2 1. A machine uses an in
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Page 2 of 2 Example 3: A 500-newton
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Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled t
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Page 2 of 2 The relationship betwee
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Page 2 of 2 The three classes of le
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Page 2 of 2 3. Now, calculate the g
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Page 2 of 2 To do this calculation,
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Name: Date: 7.2 Energy Transformati
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Name: Date: 7.2 Conservation of Ene
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power In science, w
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power in Flowing En
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Name: Date: 7.3 Efficiency and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Reading the temperature
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Page 4 of 4 1. Surface temperatures
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Page 2 of 2 The graph below shows a
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Name: Date: 9.1 Using the Heat Equa
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Name: Date: 10.1 Measuring Mass wit
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Page 3 of 3 Reading the balance cor
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Page 2 of 2 d. Explain how the disp
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Page 2 of 3 Calculating volume of a
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Name: Date: 10.1 Density The densit
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Name: Date: 10.3 Pressure in Fluids
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Name: Date: 10.3 Boyle’s Law The
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Name: Date: 10.4 Charles’s Law Ch
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes 10.4 Ar
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Name: Date: 10.4 Narcís Monturiol
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes’ Prin
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Name: Date: 11.1 Layers of the Atmo
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Page 2 of 3 Using temperature data
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Page 1 of 2 11.3 Joanne Simpson 11.
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Name: Date: 11.3 Weather Maps You h
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Name: Date: 11.3 Tracking a Hurrica
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Page 3 of 4 Hurricane Andrew crosse
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Name: Date: 12.1 Structure of the A
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Name: Date: 12.1 Atoms and Isotopes
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Name: Date: 12.1 Ernest Rutherford
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Name: Date: 12.2 Electrons and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Periodic Table Groups T
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Page 2 of 2 Example 2: Aluminum and
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Page 2 of 2 Using the information i
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Page 2 of 3 Conservation of atoms T
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Name: Date: 14.1 The Avogadro Numbe
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Page 3 of 4 Substance Elements in s
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Name: Date: 14.1 Formula Mass A che
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Name: Date: 14.2 Classifying Reacti
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Name: Date: 14.2 Predicting Chemica
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Name: Date: 14.2 Percent Yield You
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Name: Date: 14.4 Lise Meitner Lise
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Name: Date: 14.4 Marie and Pierre C
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Page 3 of 3 Reading reflection 1. W
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Page 309 and 310: Page 2 of 2 In part (d) of problems
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Page 329 and 330: Page 2 of 4 Determining the relativ
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Page 335: Name: Date: 19.1 Earth’s Interior
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Page 349 and 350: Page 3 of 4 When a mountain is form
Page 351 and 352: Name: Date: 20.1 Averaging The most
Page 353 and 354: Page 2 of 5 Locating the epicenter
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Page 359 and 360: Name: Date: 21.2 Calculating Concen
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Page 363 and 364: Page 3 of 3 The influence of temper
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Page 371 and 372: Page 3 of 3 Testing the model: 1. W
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Page 375 and 376: Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Name: Date: 24.3 Palm Pipes Project
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Page 3 of 3 6. Challenge: You can f
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Page 2 of 2 4. You see a chair that
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Name: Date: 25.3 Using Ray Diagrams
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Page 2 of 2 Which way does the ligh
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Name: Date: 26.1 Gravity Problems I
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Name: Date: 26.1 Universal Gravitat
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Nicolaus Copernicu
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Galileo Galilei Ga
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Johannes Kepler 26
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Name: Date: 26.1 Measuring the Moon
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Page 3 of 3 Semi-Circle Card: 26.1
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. B
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Page 2 of 2 Part 2: Provisions for
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Page 1 of 2 27.1 Arthur Walker 27.1
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Name: Date: 27.2 The Inverse Square
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Page 2 of 3 1. Fill in the missing
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Name: Date: 28.1 Understanding Ligh
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Name: Date: 28.1 Parsecs You have a
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Page 1 of 2 28.1 Edwin Hubble Edwin
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Name: Date: 28.2 Light Intensity Pr
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Page 2 of 2 If we know the brightne
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Page 2 of 2 Solving Doppler Shift P
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13. A decimeter is 100 times larger
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Skill Sheet 1.3: Significant Digits
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7. Yes, there is a relationship bet
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6. The slope is the same (2.0) unti
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13. S Sh—Sand and shells on the b
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10. 410 miles 11. 6.6 miles -------
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Skill Sheet 4.2: Analyzing Graphs o
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Skill Sheet 5.1: Mass, Weight, and
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Skill Sheet 6.3: Applying Newton’
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Skill Sheet 7.1: Mechanical Advanta
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8. The middle gear turns left. The
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Skill Sheet 7.3: Power in Flowing E
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Skill Sheet 10.1: Calculating volum
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3. Answers are: a. 100 cm 3 b. 13 N
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Skill Sheet 11.3: Weather Maps Samp
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a. b. c. d. e f. Skill Sheet 12.2:
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Skill Sheet 14.1: Chemical Equation
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must be blocking their insulin’s
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8. The current is approximately the
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7. Students can find information ab
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Skill Sheet 17.4: Electrical Power
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Skill Sheet 19.1: Charles Richter 1
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Practice 2: 1. First problem is don
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Skill Sheet 21.3: Calculating pH 1.
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Question 8 (con’t) 9. The new wav
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Skill Sheet 25.2: The Human Eye a.
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Skill Sheet 26.1: Nicolaus Copernic
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Skill Sheet 27.1: Arthur Walker 1.
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