PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

Skill Sheet 10.4: Charles’s Law
1. 25.4 liters
2. 22.8 liters
Skill Sheet 13.2: Pressure-Temperature Relationship
1. 0.27 atmospheres
2. 1,000 K
Skill Sheet 10.4: Archimedes
1. Density: a property that describes the relationship between a
material’s mass and volume. Buoyancy: A measure of the
upward force a fluid exerts on an object.
2. Sample answer: I, Archimedes, have a wide variety of skills
to offer. First, I am an inventor of problem-solving devices,
including a device for transporting water upward. I have also
worked as a crime scene investigator for the king, uncovering
fraud through scientific testing of materials. Furthermore, I
am a writer with several treatises already published. I also
have advanced skills in mathematics and can even estimate
for you the number of grains of sand needed to fill the entire
universe.
3. In the treatise entitled “The Sand Reckoner,” Archimedes
devised a system of exponents that allowed him to represent
large numbers on paper—up to 8 × 10 63 in modern scientific
notation. This was large enough, he said, to count the grains
Skill Sheet 10.4: Narcís Monturiol
1. Monturiol was motivated by the suffering of the coral divers
he saw along the coast of Spain. The divers performed
dangerous work to retrieve pieces of coral. They could drown,
hurt themselves on rocks and coral, or be attacked by sharks.
A submarine would provide a safer means of gathering coral.
2. Ictineo I relied on human power to turn the propellers. It had a
spherical inner chamber to withstand water pressure and an
egg-shaped outer chamber for ease of movement. It also had a
ventilator, two sets of propellers, and several portholes.
Monturiol even created a backup system to ensure that the
submarine could be raised to the surface in case of
emergency. Ictineo I could dive to 20 meters and stayed
underwater for nearly two hours.
Ictineo II used steam power instead of human power to turn
the propellers. Monturiol developed a chemical reaction to
power the engine. This reaction also added oxygen to the
Skill Sheet 10.4: Archimedes’ Principle
1. If they are both submerged, then they both displace the same
amount of water and have the same buoyant force acting on
them.
Page 27 of 57
3. Answers are:
V1 T1 V2 T2 a. 6,114 mL 838 K 1,070 mL 147 K
b. 3,250 mL 475°C 1,403 mL 50°C
(748 K)
(323 K)
c. 10 L – 58°C 15 L 50°C
(215 K)
(323 K)
3. Answers are:
P1 T1 P2 T2 a. 30.0 atm –100 °C 134 atm 500 °C
(173 K)
(773 K)
b. 15.0 atm 25.0 °C 18.0 atm 85 °C
(298 K)
(360 K)
c. 5.00 atm 488 K 3.00 atm 293 K
of sand that would be needed to fill the universe. His
assessment of the universe’s size was an underestimate, but
he was the first to think of the universe being so large.
4. A helium balloon floats in air because the air it displaces
weighs more than the filled balloon. A balloon filled with air
from someone’s lungs sinks because the combined weight of
the latex balloon and the air inside is greater than the weight
of the air it displaces.
5. Inventions attributed to Archimedes include war machines
(such as a lever used to turn enemy boats upside down), the
Archimedes screw, compound pulley systems, and a
planetarium. There is some debate about whether he invented
a water organ and a system of mirrors and/or lenses to focus
intense, burning light on enemy ships. Students can use the
Internet or library to find more information and diagrams of
the inventions.
submarine. Ictineo II was longer than Ictineo I, had two
engines, dove to 30 meters, and remained underwater for
nearly seven hours.
3. A replica of Ictineo I is located at the Marine Museum in
Barcelona. A replica of Ictineo II can be found at Barcelona
harbor.
4. In 1862, Ictineo I was destroyed by a freight ship while
anchored in Barcelona Harbor.
5. Monturiol developed the following: A process to speed up the
manufacturing of adhesive paper, a machine to copy letters, a
stone cutter, and a meat preservative.
6. Spain created a postage stamp in Monturiol’s honor.
7. The Narcís Monturiol medal is an award given for
“distinction in science and technology and for contributions
to the scientific development of Catalonia.”
2. Answers are:
a. 100 cm 3
b. 0.98 N
c. 0.98 N
d. sink