PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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Page 2 of 2 What is the atomic mass? If you look at a periodic table, you will notice that the atomic number increases by one whole number at a time. This is because you add one proton at a time for each element. The atomic mass however, increases by amounts greater than one. This difference is due to the neutrons in the nucleus. The value of the atomic mass reflects the abundance of the stable isotopes for an element that exist in the universe. Since silver has an atomic mass of 107.87, this means that most of the stable isotopes that exist have a mass number of 108. In other words, the most common silver isotope is “silver-108.” To figure out the most common isotope for an element, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. 1. Look up bromine on the periodic table. What is the most common isotope of bromine? 2. Look up potassium. How many neutrons does the most common isotope of potassium have? 3. Look up lithium. What is its most common isotope? 4. How many neutrons does the most common isotope of neon have? 12.1
Name: Date: 12.1 Ernest Rutherford 12.1 Ernest Rutherford initiated a new and radical view of the atom. He explained the mysterious phenomenon of radiation as the spontaneous disintegration of atoms. He was the first to describe the atom’s internal structure and performed the first successful nuclear reaction. Ambitious immigrants Ernest Rutherford was born in rural New Zealand on August 31, 1871. His father was a Scottish immigrant, his mother English. Both valued education and instilled a strong work ethic in their 12 children. Ernest enjoyed the family farm, but was encouraged by his parents and teachers to pursue scholarships. He first received a scholarship to a secondary school, Nelson College. Then, in 1890, after twice taking the qualifying exam, he received a scholarship to Canterbury College of the University of New Zealand. Investigating radioactivity After earning three degrees in his homeland, Rutherford traveled to Cambridge, England, to pursue graduate research under the guidance of the man who discovered the electron, J. J. Thomson. Through his research with Thomson, Rutherford became interested in studying radioactivity. In 1898 he described two kinds of particles emitted from radioactive atoms, calling them alpha and beta particles. He also coined the term half-life to describe the amount of time taken for radioactivity to decrease to half its original level. An observer of transformations Rutherford accepted a professorship at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, in 1898. It was there that he proved that atoms of a radioactive element could spontaneously decay into another element by expelling a piece of the atom. This was surprising to the scientific community—the idea that atoms could change into other atoms had been scorned as alchemy. In 1908 Rutherford received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for “his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances.” He considered himself a physicist and joked that, “of all the transformations I have seen in my lifetime, the fastest was my own transformation from physicist to chemist.” Exploring atomic space Rutherford had returned to England in 1907, to Manchester University. There, he and two students bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. Most of the particles passed through the foil, but a few bounced back. They reasoned these particles must have hit denser areas of foil. Rutherford hypothesized that the atom must be mostly empty space, through which the alpha particles passed, with a tiny dense core he called the nucleus, which some of the particles hit and bounced off. From this experiment he developed a new “planetary model” of the atom. The inside of the atom, Rutherford suggested, contained electrons orbiting a small nucleus the way the planets of our solar system orbit the sun. ‘Playing with marbles’ In 1917, Rutherford made another discovery. He bombarded nitrogen gas with alpha particles and found that occasionally an oxygen atom was produced. He concluded that the alpha particles must have knocked a positively charged particle (which he named the proton) from the nucleus. He called this “playing with marbles” but word quickly spread that he had become the first person to split an atom. Rutherford, who was knighted in 1914 (and later elevated to the peerage, in 1931) returned to Cambridge in 1919 to head the Cavendish Laboratory where he had begun his research in radioactivity. He remained there until his death at 66 in 1937.
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Chapter and Section Chapter 1: Meas
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Chapter and Section Chapter 5: Forc
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Chapter and Section Chapter 9: Heat
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Chapter and Section Chapter 14: Cha
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Chapter and Section Chapter 18: Ear
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Chapter and Section Chapter 24: Wav
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Name: Date: 1.1 Lab Safety What can
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Page 3 of 6 Safety quiz 1. Draw a d
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Page 5 of 6 c. You suddenly you beg
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Name: Date: 1.1 Using Your Textbook
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Page 2 of 3 The following prefixes
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Name: Date: 1.1 Scientific Notation
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Page 3 of 3 3. Write the numbers in
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Page 2 of 4 Example 1: Measuring ob
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Page 4 of 4 4. . Prefix Symbol Mult
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Name: Date: 1.2 Reading Strategies
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Name: Date: 1.2 Stopwatch Math What
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Name: Date: 1.2 Understanding Light
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Name: Date: 1.2 Indirect Measuremen
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Name: Date: 1.3 Dimensional Analysi
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Name: Date: Skill Builder Fractions
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Page 3 of 4 Solving fraction proble
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Name: Date: 1.3 Significant Digits
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Page 3 of 4 Follow these steps for
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Name: Date: 1.3 Study Notes This sk
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Name: Date: 1.3 Science Vocabulary
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Page 3 of 3 Using the table of pref
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Page 2 of 2 5. Earth’s moon is co
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Page 2 of 3 When precise conversion
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Name: Date: 1.4 Creating Scatterplo
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Page 3 of 3 g. What is the position
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Page 2 of 2 1.4 1. Given the variab
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Page 2 of 3 Step 3: Look at the ran
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Name: Date: 1.4 Recognizing Pattern
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Page 3 of 3 Answer the following qu
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Page 2 of 2 4. Measurements: List a
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Page 2 of 2 2. Your teacher shows y
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Page 2 of 4 Recording valid observa
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Page 4 of 4 b. How did the student
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Page 2 of 3 Name: Lucy O. Date: Jan
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Name: Date: 2.2 Using Computer Spre
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Page 3 of 3 5. The following data i
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Page 2 of 2 2. John notices that hi
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Name: Date: 3.1 Latitude and Longit
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Page 3 of 4 Use an atlas or globe t
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Name: Date: 3.1 Map Scales Mapmaker
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Page 3 of 3 f. Point Q to Point M g
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Page 2 of 5 It’s time to go! 3.1
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Page 4 of 5 37. Now you will head t
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Name: Date: 4.1 Vectors on a Map Yo
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Page 2 of 3 1. Draw a profile map o
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Name: Date: 3.3 Bathymetric Maps Im
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Page 1 of 2 3.3 Tanya Atwater Tanya
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Name: Date: 4.1 Solving Equations w
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Page 3 of 4 Use the formula V = l
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Name: Date: 4.1 Problem Solving Box
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Page 2 of 3 In problems 6 and 7, yo
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Name: Date: 4.1 Percent Error When
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Page 3 of 3 1. The lab group conduc
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Page 2 of 3 1. A bicyclist travels
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Name: Date: 4.1 Velocity Speed and
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Name: Date: 4.2 Calculating Slope f
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Page 3 of 4 1. For each position-ti
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration Accele
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration and Sp
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Page 3 of 3 3. Graph 3: 4. Find acc
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Page 2 of 3 Example 1: How fast wil
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Name: Date: 5.1 Ratios and Proporti
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Name: Date: 5.1 Internet Research S
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Name: Date: 5.1 Preparing a Bibliog
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Name: Date: 5.1 Mass vs. Weight Wha
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Page 2 of 2 1. A physical science t
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Page 2 of 2 How much does it weigh
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Name: Date: 5.3 Equilibrium When al
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Name: Date: 6.1 Net Force and Newto
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. I
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Name: Date: 6.3 Applying Newton’s
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Name: Date: 6.3 Momentum Conservati
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Name: Date: 6.3 Collisions and Cons
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Name: Date: 6.3 Rate of Change of M
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Page 3 of 3 6. A 50.-g (0.050-kg) e
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Page 2 of 2 1. A machine uses an in
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Page 2 of 2 Example 3: A 500-newton
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Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled t
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Page 2 of 2 The relationship betwee
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Page 2 of 2 6. Use the gear ratio f
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Page 2 of 2 The three classes of le
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Page 2 of 2 3. Now, calculate the g
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Page 2 of 2 To do this calculation,
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Name: Date: 7.2 Energy Transformati
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Name: Date: 7.2 Conservation of Ene
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. W
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power In science, w
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power in Flowing En
Page 195 and 196: Name: Date: 7.3 Efficiency and Ener
Page 197 and 198: Page 2 of 2 Reading the temperature
Page 199 and 200: Page 2 of 4 1. For each of the prob
Page 201 and 202: Page 4 of 4 1. Surface temperatures
Page 203 and 204: Page 2 of 2 The graph below shows a
Page 205 and 206: Name: Date: 9.1 Using the Heat Equa
Page 207 and 208: Name: Date: 10.1 Measuring Mass wit
Page 209 and 210: Page 3 of 3 Reading the balance cor
Page 211 and 212: Page 2 of 2 d. Explain how the disp
Page 213 and 214: Page 2 of 3 Calculating volume of a
Page 215 and 216: Name: Date: 10.1 Density The densit
Page 217 and 218: Name: Date: 10.3 Pressure in Fluids
Page 219 and 220: Name: Date: 10.3 Boyle’s Law The
Page 221 and 222: Name: Date: 10.4 Charles’s Law Ch
Page 223 and 224: Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes 10.4 Ar
Page 225 and 226: Name: Date: 10.4 Narcís Monturiol
Page 227 and 228: Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes’ Prin
Page 229 and 230: Name: Date: 11.1 Layers of the Atmo
Page 231 and 232: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
Page 233 and 234: Page 2 of 3 Using temperature data
Page 235 and 236: Page 1 of 2 11.3 Joanne Simpson 11.
Page 237 and 238: Name: Date: 11.3 Weather Maps You h
Page 239 and 240: Name: Date: 11.3 Tracking a Hurrica
Page 241 and 242: Page 3 of 4 Hurricane Andrew crosse
Page 243 and 244: Name: Date: 12.1 Structure of the A
Page 245: Name: Date: 12.1 Atoms and Isotopes
Page 249 and 250: Name: Date: 12.2 Electrons and Ener
Page 251 and 252: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
Page 253 and 254: Page 2 of 2 Periodic Table Groups T
Page 255 and 256: Page 2 of 2 Using dot diagrams to r
Page 257 and 258: Page 2 of 2 13.2 Important note: If
Page 259 and 260: Page 2 of 2 Example 2: Aluminum and
Page 261 and 262: Page 2 of 2 13.2 Predict the name o
Page 263 and 264: Page 2 of 2 Using the information i
Page 265 and 266: Page 2 of 3 Conservation of atoms T
Page 267 and 268: Name: Date: 14.1 The Avogadro Numbe
Page 269 and 270: Page 3 of 4 Substance Elements in s
Page 271 and 272: Name: Date: 14.1 Formula Mass A che
Page 273 and 274: Name: Date: 14.2 Classifying Reacti
Page 275 and 276: Name: Date: 14.2 Predicting Chemica
Page 277 and 278: Name: Date: 14.2 Percent Yield You
Page 279 and 280: Name: Date: 14.4 Lise Meitner Lise
Page 281 and 282: Name: Date: 14.4 Marie and Pierre C
Page 283 and 284: Page 3 of 3 Reading reflection 1. W
Page 285 and 286: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. R
Page 287 and 288: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. U
Page 289 and 290: Page 2 of 2 1. The decay series for
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Page 293 and 294: . Page 2 of 3 i. Switches 2, 3, and
Page 295 and 296: Name: Date: 16.1 Benjamin Franklin
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Name: Date: 16.2 Using an Electric
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Page 3 of 4 Build a series circuit
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Name: Date: 16.3 Voltage, Current,
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Page 3 of 3 Now you will have the o
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Page 2 of 2 7. How much voltage wou
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Page 2 of 2 5. Use the series circu
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Page 2 of 2 In part (d) of problems
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. N
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
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Page 2 of 2 7. The directions—nor
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Page 2 of 2 6. Repeat step 5 to for
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Page 2 of 2 A transformer steps dow
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Page 2 of 2 4. Calculate the power
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Page 2 of 4 Determining the relativ
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Page 4 of 4 Extension—Creating cl
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. N
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Name: Date: 19.1 Earth’s Interior
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. L
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. E
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Name: Date: 19.4 Continental United
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Page 3 of 4 When a mountain is form
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Name: Date: 20.1 Averaging The most
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Page 2 of 5 Locating the epicenter
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Page 4 of 5 20.1 For each of the pr
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Name: Date: 20.2 Volcano Parts 20.2
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Name: Date: 21.2 Calculating Concen
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Name: Date: 21.2 Solubility In this
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Page 3 of 3 The influence of temper
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Page 2 of 3 Work through these exam
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Name: Date: 21.3 Calculating pH The
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Name: Date: 22.1 Groundwater and We
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Page 3 of 3 Testing the model: 1. W
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Name: Date: 24.1 Period and Frequen
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 3 x-axis (blocks) Height
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Name: Date: 24.3 Decibel Scale The
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Page 2 of 2 2. Two students want to
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Name: Date: 24.3 Palm Pipes Project
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Page 3 of 3 6. Challenge: You can f
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Page 2 of 2 4. You see a chair that
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Name: Date: 25.3 Using Ray Diagrams
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Page 2 of 2 2. Light strikes a mirr
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Page 2 of 2 Which way does the ligh
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Page 2 of 2 25.3 1. A lens has a fo
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Name: Date: 26.1 Gravity Problems I
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Name: Date: 26.1 Universal Gravitat
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Nicolaus Copernicu
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Galileo Galilei Ga
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Page 1 of 2 26.1 Johannes Kepler 26
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Name: Date: 26.1 Measuring the Moon
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Page 3 of 3 Semi-Circle Card: 26.1
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. B
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Page 2 of 2 Part 2: Provisions for
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Page 1 of 2 27.1 Arthur Walker 27.1
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Name: Date: 27.2 The Inverse Square
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Page 2 of 3 1. Fill in the missing
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Name: Date: 28.1 Understanding Ligh
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Name: Date: 28.1 Parsecs You have a
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Page 1 of 2 28.1 Edwin Hubble Edwin
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Name: Date: 28.2 Light Intensity Pr
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Page 2 of 2 If we know the brightne
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Page 2 of 2 Solving Doppler Shift P
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13. A decimeter is 100 times larger
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Skill Sheet 1.3: Significant Digits
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7. Yes, there is a relationship bet
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6. The slope is the same (2.0) unti
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13. S Sh—Sand and shells on the b
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10. 410 miles 11. 6.6 miles -------
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Skill Sheet 4.2: Analyzing Graphs o
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Skill Sheet 5.1: Mass, Weight, and
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Skill Sheet 6.3: Applying Newton’
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Skill Sheet 7.1: Mechanical Advanta
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8. The middle gear turns left. The
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Skill Sheet 7.3: Power in Flowing E
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Skill Sheet 10.1: Calculating volum
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3. Answers are: a. 100 cm 3 b. 13 N
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Skill Sheet 11.3: Weather Maps Samp
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a. b. c. d. e f. Skill Sheet 12.2:
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Skill Sheet 14.1: Chemical Equation
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must be blocking their insulin’s
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8. The current is approximately the
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7. Students can find information ab
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Skill Sheet 17.4: Electrical Power
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Skill Sheet 19.1: Charles Richter 1
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Practice 2: 1. First problem is don
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Skill Sheet 21.3: Calculating pH 1.
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Question 8 (con’t) 9. The new wav
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Skill Sheet 25.2: The Human Eye a.
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Skill Sheet 26.1: Nicolaus Copernic
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Skill Sheet 27.1: Arthur Walker 1.
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