PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

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Page 1 of 2 28.2 Henrietta Leavitt Leavitt, although deaf, had a keen eye for observing the stars. Her ability to identify the magnitude of stars set the standard for determining a star's distance—hundreds or even millions of light years away. Star struck Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born on July 4, 1868 in Lancaster, Massachusetts. Henrietta's family lived in Cambridge, Massachusetts and later moved to Cleveland, Ohio. In Ohio, Leavitt attended Oberlin College for two years and was enrolled in the school's conservatory of music. She then moved back to Cambridge and attended Radcliffe College, which was then known as the Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women. In her last year of college, Henrietta took an astronomy course—then began her fascination with and love for the stars. She graduated in 1892 and later became a volunteer research assistant working at the Harvard College Observatory. Computing the stars In the 1880s, Harvard College established a goal to catalog the stars. Edward Pickering, a former professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, became director of the Harvard Observatory. Pickering was an authority in photographic photometry—determining a star's magnitude from a photograph. He wanted to gather information about the brightness and color of stars. In order to complete this work, Pickering needed people to perform the tedious task of examining photographs of stars. Men typically did not perform this type of work, but women were hired and known as “computers.” Leavitt was hired at a rate of $.30 per hour to complete this painstakingly detailed work. Leavitt was not a healthy woman, struggling with complete hearing loss and other illnesses during college and throughout her career. Despite these setbacks, she became a super computer, devoting her life to studying the stars. She eventually became the head of the photographic stellar photometry department. 28.2 Leavitt catalogued variable stars that altered in brightness over the course of a few days, weeks, or even months. She studied Cepheid variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds, two galaxies near the Milky Way. Leavitt examined photographic plates, comparing the same regions on several plates taken at different times. Stars that had changed in brightness would look different in size. Leavitt continued to examine plates, discovering nearly 2,000 new variable stars in the Magellenic Clouds. Leavitt found an inverse relationship between a star's brightness cycle and its magnitude. A stronger star took longer to cycle between brightness and dimness. Therefore, brighter Cepheid stars took longer to rotate between brightness and dimness. In 1912, Leavitt had established the Period-Luminosity relation. These stars, all located within the Magellenic Clouds, were roughly the same distance from the Earth. This rule provided astronomers with the ability to measure distances within and beyond our galaxy. Astronomical findings Leavitt's discovery had a tremendous impact on future research in the field of astronomy. Astronomers could now determine distances to galaxies and within the universe overall. Ejnar Hertzsprung was able to plot the distance of Cepheid stars. Harlow Shapley, using Leavitt's findings, was able to map the Milky Way and determine its size. Edwin Hubble applied her rule to establish the age of the Universe. An unsung heroine In 1925, the Swedish Academy of Sciences wished to nominate Leavitt for a Nobel Prize. However, she had died of cancer nearly four years earlier at the age of 53. The Nobel Prize must be given during a recipient’s lifetime. In addition to her discovery of numerous variable stars, Leavitt discovered four novas and developed the standard method for determining the magnitude of stars. An asteroid and crater on the moon are named in her honor.
Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. How did Henrietta Leavitt discover new variable stars? 2. What were Leavitt's two significant contributions to the field of astronomy? 3. Research: What is the name of the asteroid named in Leavitt's honor? 4. Research: When was the Harvard Observatory established and what does It do now? 5. Research: State three facts about each of these astronomers: Ejnar Hertzsprung, Harlow Shapley, and Edwin Hubble. 6. Research: What is the Nobel Prize? 28.2
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Chapter and Section Chapter 1: Meas
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Chapter and Section Chapter 5: Forc
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Chapter and Section Chapter 9: Heat
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Chapter and Section Chapter 14: Cha
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Chapter and Section Chapter 18: Ear
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Chapter and Section Chapter 24: Wav
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Name: Date: 1.1 Lab Safety What can
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Page 3 of 6 Safety quiz 1. Draw a d
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Page 5 of 6 c. You suddenly you beg
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Name: Date: 1.1 Using Your Textbook
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Page 2 of 3 The following prefixes
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Name: Date: 1.1 Scientific Notation
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Page 3 of 3 3. Write the numbers in
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Page 2 of 4 Example 1: Measuring ob
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Page 4 of 4 4. . Prefix Symbol Mult
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Name: Date: 1.2 Reading Strategies
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Name: Date: 1.2 Stopwatch Math What
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Name: Date: 1.2 Understanding Light
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Name: Date: 1.2 Indirect Measuremen
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Name: Date: 1.3 Dimensional Analysi
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Name: Date: Skill Builder Fractions
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Page 3 of 4 Solving fraction proble
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Name: Date: 1.3 Significant Digits
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Page 3 of 4 Follow these steps for
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Name: Date: 1.3 Study Notes This sk
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Name: Date: 1.3 Science Vocabulary
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Page 3 of 3 Using the table of pref
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Page 2 of 2 5. Earth’s moon is co
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Name: Date: 1.4 Creating Scatterplo
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Page 2 of 2 1.4 1. Given the variab
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Page 2 of 3 Step 3: Look at the ran
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Name: Date: 1.4 Recognizing Pattern
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Page 2 of 2 4. Measurements: List a
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Page 2 of 2 2. Your teacher shows y
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Page 2 of 4 Recording valid observa
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Page 4 of 4 b. How did the student
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Page 2 of 3 Name: Lucy O. Date: Jan
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Name: Date: 2.2 Using Computer Spre
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Page 2 of 2 2. John notices that hi
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Name: Date: 3.1 Latitude and Longit
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Page 3 of 4 Use an atlas or globe t
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Name: Date: 3.1 Map Scales Mapmaker
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Page 2 of 5 It’s time to go! 3.1
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Name: Date: 4.1 Vectors on a Map Yo
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Page 2 of 3 1. Draw a profile map o
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Name: Date: 3.3 Bathymetric Maps Im
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Page 1 of 2 3.3 Tanya Atwater Tanya
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Name: Date: 4.1 Solving Equations w
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Page 3 of 4 Use the formula V = l
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Name: Date: 4.1 Problem Solving Box
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Page 2 of 3 In problems 6 and 7, yo
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Name: Date: 4.1 Percent Error When
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Page 3 of 3 1. The lab group conduc
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Page 2 of 3 1. A bicyclist travels
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Name: Date: 4.1 Velocity Speed and
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Name: Date: 4.2 Calculating Slope f
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Name: Date: 4.2 Analyzing Graphs of
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration Accele
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Name: Date: 4.3 Acceleration and Sp
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Page 3 of 3 3. Graph 3: 4. Find acc
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Page 2 of 3 Example 1: How fast wil
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Name: Date: 5.1 Ratios and Proporti
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Name: Date: 5.1 Internet Research S
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Name: Date: 5.1 Preparing a Bibliog
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Name: Date: 5.1 Mass vs. Weight Wha
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Page 2 of 2 1. A physical science t
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Page 2 of 2 How much does it weigh
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Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Name: Date: 5.3 Equilibrium When al
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Name: Date: 6.1 Net Force and Newto
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. I
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Name: Date: 6.3 Applying Newton’s
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Name: Date: 6.3 Momentum Conservati
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Name: Date: 6.3 Collisions and Cons
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Name: Date: 6.3 Rate of Change of M
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Page 3 of 3 6. A 50.-g (0.050-kg) e
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Page 2 of 2 1. A machine uses an in
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Page 2 of 2 Example 3: A 500-newton
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Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled t
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Page 2 of 2 The relationship betwee
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Page 2 of 2 6. Use the gear ratio f
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Page 2 of 2 The three classes of le
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Page 2 of 2 3. Now, calculate the g
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Page 2 of 2 To do this calculation,
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Name: Date: 7.2 Energy Transformati
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Name: Date: 7.2 Conservation of Ene
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power In science, w
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Name: Date: 7.3 Power in Flowing En
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Name: Date: 7.3 Efficiency and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Reading the temperature
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Page 4 of 4 1. Surface temperatures
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Page 2 of 2 The graph below shows a
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Name: Date: 9.1 Using the Heat Equa
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Name: Date: 10.1 Measuring Mass wit
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Page 3 of 3 Reading the balance cor
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Page 2 of 2 d. Explain how the disp
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Page 2 of 3 Calculating volume of a
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Name: Date: 10.1 Density The densit
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Name: Date: 10.3 Pressure in Fluids
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Name: Date: 10.3 Boyle’s Law The
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Name: Date: 10.4 Charles’s Law Ch
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes 10.4 Ar
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Name: Date: 10.4 Narcís Monturiol
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Name: Date: 10.4 Archimedes’ Prin
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Name: Date: 11.1 Layers of the Atmo
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Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. H
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Page 2 of 3 Using temperature data
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Page 1 of 2 11.3 Joanne Simpson 11.
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Name: Date: 11.3 Weather Maps You h
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Name: Date: 11.3 Tracking a Hurrica
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Page 3 of 4 Hurricane Andrew crosse
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Name: Date: 12.1 Structure of the A
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Name: Date: 12.1 Atoms and Isotopes
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Name: Date: 12.1 Ernest Rutherford
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Name: Date: 12.2 Electrons and Ener
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Page 2 of 2 Periodic Table Groups T
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Page 2 of 2 Using dot diagrams to r
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Page 2 of 2 13.2 Important note: If
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Page 2 of 2 Example 2: Aluminum and
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Page 2 of 2 13.2 Predict the name o
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Page 2 of 2 Using the information i
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Page 2 of 3 Conservation of atoms T
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Name: Date: 14.1 The Avogadro Numbe
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Page 3 of 4 Substance Elements in s
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Name: Date: 14.1 Formula Mass A che
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Name: Date: 14.2 Classifying Reacti
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Name: Date: 14.2 Predicting Chemica
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Name: Date: 14.2 Percent Yield You
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Name: Date: 14.4 Lise Meitner Lise
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Name: Date: 14.4 Marie and Pierre C
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. Page 2 of 3 i. Switches 2, 3, and
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Name: Date: 16.1 Benjamin Franklin
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Name: Date: 16.2 Using an Electric
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Page 3 of 4 Build a series circuit
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Name: Date: 16.3 Voltage, Current,
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Page 3 of 3 Now you will have the o
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Page 2 of 2 7. How much voltage wou
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Page 2 of 2 In part (d) of problems
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Page 2 of 4 Determining the relativ
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Name: Date: 19.1 Earth’s Interior
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Name: Date: 19.4 Continental United
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Page 3 of 4 When a mountain is form
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Name: Date: 20.1 Averaging The most
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Page 2 of 5 Locating the epicenter
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Page 4 of 5 20.1 For each of the pr
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Name: Date: 20.2 Volcano Parts 20.2
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Name: Date: 21.2 Calculating Concen
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Name: Date: 21.2 Solubility In this
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Page 3 of 3 The influence of temper
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Page 2 of 3 Work through these exam
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Name: Date: 21.3 Calculating pH The
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Name: Date: 22.1 Groundwater and We
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Page 3 of 3 Testing the model: 1. W
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Name: Date: 24.1 Period and Frequen
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Page 2 of 2 2. Use the grids below
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Page 2 of 3 x-axis (blocks) Height
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Name: Date: 24.3 Decibel Scale The
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Page 2 of 2 a. ____________________
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Page 387 and 388: Name: Date: 24.3 Palm Pipes Project
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Page 391 and 392: Page 2 of 2 Answer the following pr
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Page 397 and 398: Name: Date: 25.3 Using Ray Diagrams
Page 399 and 400: Page 2 of 2 2. Light strikes a mirr
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Page 405 and 406: Name: Date: 26.1 Gravity Problems I
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Page 409 and 410: Page 1 of 2 26.1 Nicolaus Copernicu
Page 411 and 412: Page 1 of 2 26.1 Galileo Galilei Ga
Page 413 and 414: Page 1 of 2 26.1 Johannes Kepler 26
Page 415 and 416: Name: Date: 26.1 Measuring the Moon
Page 417 and 418: Page 3 of 3 Semi-Circle Card: 26.1
Page 419 and 420: Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 1. B
Page 421 and 422: Page 2 of 2 Part 2: Provisions for
Page 423 and 424: Page 1 of 2 27.1 Arthur Walker 27.1
Page 425 and 426: Name: Date: 27.2 The Inverse Square
Page 427 and 428: Page 2 of 3 1. Fill in the missing
Page 429 and 430: Name: Date: 28.1 Understanding Ligh
Page 431 and 432: Name: Date: 28.1 Parsecs You have a
Page 433 and 434: Page 1 of 2 28.1 Edwin Hubble Edwin
Page 435: Name: Date: 28.2 Light Intensity Pr
Page 439 and 440: Page 2 of 2 If we know the brightne
Page 441 and 442: Page 2 of 2 Solving Doppler Shift P
Page 443 and 444: 13. A decimeter is 100 times larger
Page 445 and 446: Skill Sheet 1.3: Significant Digits
Page 447 and 448: 7. Yes, there is a relationship bet
Page 449 and 450: 6. The slope is the same (2.0) unti
Page 451 and 452: 13. S Sh—Sand and shells on the b
Page 453 and 454: 10. 410 miles 11. 6.6 miles -------
Page 455 and 456: Skill Sheet 4.2: Analyzing Graphs o
Page 457 and 458: Skill Sheet 5.1: Mass, Weight, and
Page 459 and 460: Skill Sheet 6.3: Applying Newton’
Page 461 and 462: Skill Sheet 7.1: Mechanical Advanta
Page 463 and 464: 8. The middle gear turns left. The
Page 465 and 466: Skill Sheet 7.3: Power in Flowing E
Page 467 and 468: Skill Sheet 10.1: Calculating volum
Page 469 and 470: 3. Answers are: a. 100 cm 3 b. 13 N
Page 471 and 472: Skill Sheet 11.3: Weather Maps Samp
Page 473 and 474: a. b. c. d. e f. Skill Sheet 12.2:
Page 475 and 476: Skill Sheet 14.1: Chemical Equation
Page 477 and 478: must be blocking their insulin’s
Page 479 and 480: 8. The current is approximately the
Page 481 and 482: 7. Students can find information ab
Page 483 and 484: Skill Sheet 17.4: Electrical Power
Page 485 and 486: Skill Sheet 19.1: Charles Richter 1
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Practice 2: 1. First problem is don
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Skill Sheet 21.3: Calculating pH 1.
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Question 8 (con’t) 9. The new wav
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Skill Sheet 25.2: The Human Eye a.
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Skill Sheet 26.1: Nicolaus Copernic
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Skill Sheet 27.1: Arthur Walker 1.
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