12.01.2013 Views

PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

PES Skill Sheets.book - Capital High School

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

<strong>Skill</strong> Sheet 25.3: Refraction<br />

Part 1 answers:<br />

1. The index of refraction will never be less than one because<br />

that would require the speed of light in a material to be faster<br />

than the speed of light in a vacuum. Nothing in the universe<br />

travels faster than that.<br />

2. The index of refraction for air is less than that of glass<br />

because a gas like air is so much less dense than a solid like<br />

glass. The light rays are slowed each time they bump into an<br />

atom or molecule because they are absorbed and re-emitted<br />

by the particle. A light ray in a solid bumps into many more<br />

particles than a light ray traveling through a gas.<br />

3. water: 2.26 × 10 8 ; glass: 2.0 × 10 8 ; diamond; 1.24 × 10 8<br />

4. speed up<br />

<strong>Skill</strong> Sheet 25.3: Drawing Ray Diagrams<br />

1. Diagram:<br />

The image<br />

is inverted<br />

as<br />

compared<br />

with the<br />

object.<br />

<strong>Skill</strong> Sheet 26.1: Astronomical Units<br />

1. 9.53 AU<br />

2. 0.72 AU<br />

3. 58 million kilometers<br />

4. 2.87 billion kilometers<br />

5. Less. The moon is not nearly as far from Earth as the Sun.<br />

Page 53 of 57<br />

5. slow down<br />

Part 2 answers:<br />

1. The light ray is moving from low-n to high-n so it will bend<br />

toward the normal.<br />

2. The light ray is moving from high-n to low-n so it will bend<br />

away from the normal.<br />

3. The difference in n from diamond to water is 1.09 while the<br />

difference from sapphire to air is 0.770. The ray traveling<br />

from diamond to water experiences the greater change in n so<br />

it would bend more.<br />

4. From left to right, material B is water, emerald, helium, cubic<br />

zirconia.<br />

2. Diagram:<br />

3. A lens acts like<br />

a magnifying<br />

glass if an<br />

object is placed<br />

to the left of a<br />

converging lens<br />

at a distance<br />

less than the<br />

focal length.<br />

The lens bends the rays so that they appear to be coming from<br />

a larger, more distant object than the real object. These rays<br />

you see form a virtual image. The image is virtual because the<br />

rays appear to come from an image, but don’t actually meet.<br />

6. Uranus<br />

7. Mercury<br />

8. Saturn<br />

9. Saturn<br />

10. yes<br />

<strong>Skill</strong> Sheet 26.1: Gravity Problems<br />

Table 1 answers: 1. 9.5 pounds on Neptune<br />

Planet Force of gravity in Value compared to 2. 1,029 newtons on Saturn<br />

Newtons (N)<br />

Earth’s gravity 3. The baby weighs 44.1 Newtons on Earth which is equal to 9.8<br />

Mercury<br />

Venus<br />

Earth<br />

3.7<br />

8.9<br />

9.8<br />

0.38<br />

0.91<br />

1<br />

pounds.<br />

4. Venus, Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, then Saturn<br />

5. Answer:<br />

Mars<br />

Jupiter<br />

Saturn<br />

3.7<br />

23.1<br />

9.0<br />

0.38<br />

2.36<br />

0.92<br />

−11<br />

2 24 26<br />

⎛6.67× 10 Nm i<br />

⎞(6.4×<br />

10 )(5.7× 10 )<br />

Gravity = ⎜ 2 ⎟<br />

11 2<br />

⎝ kg ⎠ (6.52× 10 )<br />

Uranus 8.7 0.89<br />

17<br />

= 5.72× 10 N<br />

Neptune 11.0 1.12<br />

Pluto 0.6 0.06<br />

<strong>Skill</strong> Sheet 26.1: Universal Gravitation<br />

1. F =9.34× 10 –6 N. This is basically the force between you<br />

and your car when you are at the door.<br />

2. 5.28 × 10 -10 N<br />

3. 4.42 N<br />

4. 7.33 × 10 22 kilograms<br />

5. Answers are:<br />

a. 9.8 N/kg = 9.8 kg-m/sec 2 -kg = 9.8 m/sec 2<br />

b. Acceleration due to the force of gravity of Earth.<br />

c. Earth’s mass and radius.<br />

6. 1.99 ×10 20 N<br />

7. 4,848 N<br />

8. 3.52 × 10 22 N

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!