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Weichmacherverlust bei PVC-Objekten von Joseph Beuys – Versuche zu kurativen und konservatorischen Massnahmen
ANHANG III: ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG VON ABSTRACTS
Jayakrishnan, A; Lakshmi, S. (1998): Immobile plasticizer in flexible PVC. In: Nature 396, 638 (1998)
Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely used polymeric materials in medical and related
applications, and usually contains up to 40 per cent di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), which acts as the 'plasticizer'
to impart flexibility to an otherwise rigid PVC. The plasticizer can migrate from PVC-based devices and storage bags
into physiological fluids, however, and has been detected in storage media such as blood, plasma, serum, drug
solutions and fatty foods, as well as in the bodies of patients undergoing haemodialysis and transfusion. This is a
concern because DEHP is a lipid-removing liver carcinogen, and causes hepatic and reproductive toxicity in rodents,
although opinion is divided on its toxicity in humans.
Jayakrishnan A.; Sunny, M. C. (1996): Phase transfer catalysed surface modification of plasticized
poly(vinyl chloride) in aqueous media to retard plasticizer migration. In: Polymer, Volume 37, Issue 23 ,
November 1996, S. 5213-5218
Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets were surface modified by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine by azide in
aqueous media under phase transfer conditions. PVC was reacted with a 40% solution of sodium azide in water
using tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as the phase transfer catalyst. The reaction was conducted at temperatures
ranging from 50 to 80°C for various periods of time (1–4 h). The azidated PVC surface was then irradiated using u.v.
light with a 125 W lamp for various time periods to crosslink the surface. Migration of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl
phthalate) from surface modified and unmodified PVC was examined in a potential organic extractant such as
hexane. It was found that considerable reduction in the migration of the plasticizer could be achieved by this
technique depending on the extent of azidation of the PVC surface and the irradiation dose. Determination of the
stress/strain properties of PVC sheets before and after modification showed that there was around 30% reduction in
these properties after surface modification. However, the values were still much above the minimum prescribed for
vinyl chloride polymers used in biomedical applications.
Bildung einer weichmacherfreien Schicht
Place, S.; Fugit, J. L.; Prochazka, F.; Taverdet, J. L. (2003): A rheological and morphological study of
treated PVC. In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 90, Issue 13, Date: 20 December 2003, S. 3497-
3502
This article reports a rheological and morphological study of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) that was subjected to a
treatment capable of decreasing the simultaneous mass transfers occurring between liquid food (or simulant) and
PVC packaging. The storage modulus (G), loss modulus (G), and the loss angle (tan ), have been used to determine
the glass transition temperature using a Rheometric Scientific Dynamic Analyzer. Young's modulus was measured on
a dynamometer, and a morphological characterization was carried out with an optical microscope. The obtained
results show that treated PVC behaves like a composite material, which is in agreement with a previously established
model.
Fugit, Jean-Luc; Taverdet, Jean-Louis; Gauvrit, Jean-Yves; Lanteri, Pierre (2003): Treatment of plasticized PVC
to reduce plasticizer/solvent migration: optimization with an experimental design. In: Polymer
International, Volume 52, Issue 5, Date: May 2003, S. 670-675
This work deals with mass transfers between liquid food and PVC packaging. A treatment which reduces the
migration both of plasticizer toward a liquid food simulant and the liquid has been investigated. The treatment is a