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NOTES
Indians; and also because we look at the Buddhist doctrines from the outside,
without in the least believing in them: whereas nirvAOa is for us a mere object of
archaeological interest, it is for Buddhists of paramount practical importance.
Our business is to study what nirvAOa may be; the business of a Buddhist is to
reach nirvAOa – a very different thing.’ ERE p. 376.
2 He suggested nir √vK (to cover) from the fact that nibbuta (sk. nirvKta), the past
participle of nir √vK, is widely used in the meanings, such as extinguished (of fire),
cooled, quenched, desireless, appeased, pleased and happy (PED pp. 362, 366).
3 The root vA takes the suffix -na either for the past passive participle or to make
adjectives and nouns. There seems to be in Pali no example yet discovered of
nibbAna or parinibbAna used as a past passive participle or an adjective (Collins
1998: 195).
4Ñyaoamoti (1976: 319 note 72).
5 Norman (1993: 221–3).
6 Thomas (1927: 187).
7 MN I p. 140, SN III p. 109, see also Thomas (1933: 125–6).
8 Although ‘the idea that nibbAna applies to an experience in life whereas parinibbAna
applies to the experience at death is widespread’, the latter is in fact just the
synonym of the former and the difference between the two is simply a grammatical
one: ‘pari compounded with a verb converts the verb from the expression of
a state to the expression of the achievement of an action’, and thus the former
is ‘the state of release’; the latter is ‘the attaining of that state’ (Norman 1993:
216–17).
9 I discuss this in detail in ‘UpAdisesa within the context of nirvana’ in Chapter 2.
10 Thomas (1933: 123).
11 ERE 7, p. 468 (quoted from Thomas 1933: 119).
12 For the difference between Jainism and Buddhism. See ‘UpAdisesa within the
context of nirvana’ in Chapter 2.
13 Zaehner (1973: 10).
14 Tr. from Edgerton (1952: 57). ‘24 Yo ’ntaPsukho ’ntarArAmas tathA ’ntarjyotir eva
yaP sa yogC brahmanirvAOaN brahmabhEto ’dhigacchati. 25 Labhante brahmanirvAOam
KLayaP kLCOakalmaLAP chinnadvaidhA yatAtmAnaP sarvabhEtahite ratAP.
26 KAmakrodhaviyuktAnAN yatCnAN yatacetasAm abhito brahmanirvAOaN vartate
viditAtmanAm.’
15 Zaehner (1973: 159, 212–14).
16 Zaehner (1973: 214–15).
17 See ‘UpAdisesa within the context of nirvana’ in Chapter 2.
18 Gombrich (1988: 63).
19 Gombrich (1996: 65).
20 Vin I pp. 34–5, SN IV p. 19.
21 See ‘UpAdisesa within the context of nirvana’ in Chapter 2.
22 Gombrich (1996: 66).
23 Schumann (1989: 87).
24 SN IV pp. 251–2.
25 Vibh pp. 72–3, Vibh p. 89.
26 See also ‘The Pali abhidhamma works’ in Chapter 3.
27 SN IV pp. 251–2.
28 SA (TD2 126b).
29 Mv (TD27 147b): !"#$%&K= !"#$%&K= !"#$
K= !"#$%&'K= !"#$%&'K= !"#$%&
K= !"#K= !K= !"#$%K= !"#K= !K=
!"#K= !" #$K= !K= !"#$%&'()K=
127