Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the - Solar System ...

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M. Gudipati, Laboratory Studies for Planetary Sciences Jasper S. Halekas, Determining the Origins of Lunar Remanent Crustal Magnetism John A. Stansberry, KBO Science with Argo—A Voyage through the Outer Solar System Candice J. Hansen, Neptune Science with Argo—A Voyage through the Outer Solar System Candice J. Hansen, Triton Science with Argo—A Voyage through the Outer Solar System Walter Harris, Solar System Suborbital research: A Vital Investment in Scientific Techniques, Technology and Investigators of Space Exploration in the 21st Century Samad Hayati, Strategic Technology Development for Future Mars Missions Michael Hecht, Next Steps in Mars Polar Science Michael Hecht, The Microstructure of the Martian Surface Charles A. Hibbitts, Stratospheric Balloon Missions for Planetary Science Robert Hodyss, Recommended Laboratory Studies in Support of Planetary Science: Surface Chemistry of Icy Bodies Mark Hofstadter, The Atmospheres of the Ice Giants, Uranus and Neptune Mark Hofstadter, The Case for a Uranus Orbiter Steven D. Howe, The Mars Hopper: Long Range Mobile Platform Powered by Martian In-Situ Resources T.A. Hurford, The Case for an Enceladus New Frontiers Mission Dana M. Hurley, Lunar Polar Volatiles and Associated Processes Naoya Imae, Supporting the Sample Return from Mars Bruce M. Jakosky, Are there Signs of Life on Mars? A Scientific Rationale for a Mars Sample-Return Campaign as the Next Step in Solar System Exploration Jeffrey R. Johnson, Summary of the Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities Jeffrey R. Johnson, The Importance of a Planetary Cartography Program: Status and Recommendations for NASA 2013-2023 Bradley L. Jolliff, Constraining Solar System Impact History and Evolution of the Terrestrial Planets with Exploration of Samples from the Moon’s South Pole-Aitken Basin Thomas Jones, Strengthening U.S. Exploration Policy via Human Expeditions to Near-Earth Objects Rhawn Joseph, Life on Earth Came from Other Planets: Summary Rhawn Joseph, Life on Earth Came from Other Planets Michael Kavaya, Mars Orbiting Pulsed Doppler Wind Lidar for Characterization of Wind and Dust Robert M. Kelso, Proposal for a Lunar Exploration/Science Campaign: A Commercially-Leveraged, Science-focused, Lunar Exploration Program Mohammed O. Khan, The Importance of Utilizing and Developing Radioisotope Electric Propulsion for Missions Beyond Saturn Krishan K. Khurana, Lunar science with ARTEMIS: A Journey from the Moon’s Exosphere to its Core Georgiana Kramer, The Lunar Swirls Kimberly R. Kuhlman, Tumbleweed: A New Paradigm for Surveying the Surface of Mars E. Robert Kursinski, Dual Satellite Mars Climate and Chemistry Mission Concept Dante S. Lauretta, Astrobiology Research Priorities for Primitive Asteroids Samuel J. Lawrence, Sampling the Age Extremes of Lunar Volcanism Lawrence G. Lemke, Heavier than Air Vehicles for Titan Exploration Robert J. Lillis, Mars’s Ancient Dynamo and Crustal Remanant Magnetism Sanjay S. Limaye, Venus Atmosphere: Major Questions and Required Observations Amy S. Lo, Secondary Payloads Using the LCROSS Architecture David J. Loftus, Chemical Reactivity of Lunar Dust Relevant to Human Exploration of the Moon Ralph D. Lorenz, The Case for a Titan Geophysical Network Mission Jonathan I. Lunine, Saturn’s Titan: A Strict Test for Life’s Cosmic Ubiquity Jonathan I. Lunine, The Science of Titan and its Future Exploration. Edward R. Martinez, Thermal Protection System Sensors Michael D. Max, Is a Resource-Mars a Stepping-Stone to Human Exploration of the Solar System? William B. McKinnon, Exploration Strategy for the Outer Planets 2013-2022: Goals and Priorities PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION B-4
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PREPUBLICATION COPY Subject to Furt
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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COMMITTEE ON THE PLANETARY SCIENCE
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STAFF DAVID H. SMITH, Senior Progra
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Preface Strategic planning activiti
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statement of task’s call for “i
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Understand the Processes That Contr
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Executive Summary In recent years,
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however, that the Discovery program
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• Jupiter Europa Orbiter (descope
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TABLE ES.2 Medium Class Missions—
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Summary This report was requested b
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• Recent volcanic activity on Ven
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Mission Study Process and Technical
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Near the end of the past decade, NA
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• Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cach
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development, and descoped or cancel
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Plausible circumstances could impro
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Data Distribution and Archiving Dat
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Sample curation facilities are crit
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consider making equivalent systems
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committee concluded that for the mo
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alanced ground-based solar astronom
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1 Introduction to Planetary Science
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THE 2002 SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION D
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Medium The first decadal survey ide
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FIGURE 1.6 Victoria crater as image
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FIGURE 1.8 The mirror for the Large
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FIGURE 1.10 From a comet, to the de
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• The committee’s programmatic
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• Opportunities for joint venture
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FIGURE 1.14 Schematic showing the f
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2 National and International Progra
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FIGURE 2.3 Sand dunes on Mars photo
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NASA’s Earth Science Division Pla
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More recently, among the goals of t
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FIGURE 2.6 A natural bridge on the
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investigations should still be deve
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FIGURE 2.10 The surface of Titan as
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3 Shared objectives that incorporat
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3 Priority Questions in Planetary S
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• How have the myriad chemical an
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How Did the Giant Planets and Their
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heavy bombardment? Clues to address
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Did Mars or Venus Host Ancient Aque
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We lack critical geophysical data a
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detected in time. The report conclu
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How Have the Myriad of Chemical and
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13. P.R. Estrada, I. Mosqueira, J.J
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51. M.J. Mumma, G.L. Villanueva, R.
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4 The Primitive Bodies: Building Bl
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FIGURE 4.1 Asteroids and comet nucl
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• How do the compositions of pres
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Future Directions for Investigation
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Astrobiology is the study of the or
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Important Questions Some important
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observations of the outer parts of
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Sample Curation and Laboratory Faci
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In the previous decadal survey, CCS
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asteroid (either ice-rock or metal-
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hazard. Asteroid 433 Eros, one of t
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BOX 4.1 The Discovery Program, Vita
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ody exploration can be achieved by
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34. H.H. Hsieh and D. Jewitt. 2006.
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FIGURE 5.1 Mercury, Venus, and the
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Constrain the Bulk Composition of t
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from Venus Express and Galileo may
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• Understand the composition and
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• Is there evidence of environmen
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Important Questions Some important
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timescales, including the possible
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that may have fostered life, there
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• Venus In Situ Explorer • Sout
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FIGURE 5.3 Venus’s climate is con
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Important scientific objectives tha
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BOX 5.1 Planetary Roadmaps Roadmaps
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4. D.J. Lawrence, W.C. Feldman, J.O
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6 Mars: Evolution of an Earth-like
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BOX 6.1 Mars Science Laboratory Sch
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live there now?”—both key compo
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characteristics (water, gradients i
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availability, physicochemical facto
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UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES AND HISTOR
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FIGURE 6.4 Examples of recent clima
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particularly the polar-layered depo
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FIGURE 6.6 Geologic time sequence o
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planets and for understanding subse
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experiments, compounded by the unce
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Curation Martian samples require sc
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particle sizes, wavelength ranges,
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environmental conditions including
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Mars Polar Climate Mission As a fol
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R.E. Arvidson, C.C. Allen, D.J. Des
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27. J. Grotzinger, J.F. Bell III, W
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B.M. Jakosky and R.J. Phillips. 200
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72. White papers received by decada
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(MRR-SAG). Posted by the Mars Explo
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the solar system formed. Understand
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FIGURE 7.2 Left: This Hubble image
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temperatures, helium is enhanced in
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FIGURE 7.4 The intrinsic specific l
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Investigate the Chemistry of Giant
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Jupiters seen around other stars in
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• What causes the enormous differ
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FIGURE 7.5 Top: This composite comp
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EXPLORING THE GIANT PLANET’S ROLE
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destroy areas of land equivalent to
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• Assess tidal evolution within g
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• What processes drive the visibl
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esolution visible and near-infrared
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INTERCONNECTIONS Links to Other Par
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SUPPORTING RESEARCH AND RELATED ACT
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FIGURE 7.10 Our atmosphere blocks l
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Cassini Solstice Mission ADVANCING
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8. Determine the composition, struc
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Summary To achieve the primary goal
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Outer Solar System; William B. McKi
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TABLE 8.1 Characteristics of the La
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organisms live there now?” Titan
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• Why are Titan and Callisto appa
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Callisto but unlike Ganymede. This
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valuable window into solar system h
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FIGURE 8.6 Multiple jets, dominated
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FIGURE 8.8 Schematic of the complex
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orbits of Io and Europa), and poten
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Cassini has revealed that most of t
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satellite interiors should include
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hardened technology for Io and Gany
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FIGURE 8.11 After a comprehensive t
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FIGURE 8.12 Galileo color image of
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Titan Saturn System Mission Many Ti
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1. What is the nature of Enceladus
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the majority of the Jupiter Europa
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7. O. Mousis, J.I. Lunine, M. Pasek
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45. K.K. Khurana, M.G. Kivelson, K.
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9 Recommended Flight Investigations
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All of the recommendations below ar
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As discussed in more detail below,
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• Ensure that there are adequate
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TABLE 9.2 Discovery Program Mission
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overarching questions in Chapter 3.
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These five were selected from the s
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The Mars community, in their inputs
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should immediately undertake an eff
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(a) (b) FIGURE 9.1 Notional funding
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As noted, the recommended and cost-
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Page 307 and 308: partnership with the Department of
Page 309 and 310: 10 Planetary Science Research and I
Page 311 and 312: Through the direct involvement of s
Page 313 and 314: Theoretical development and numeric
Page 315 and 316: Defining the Need Jon Miller, in hi
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Page 319 and 320: history. And telescopic observation
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Page 331 and 332: 11 The Role of Technology Developme
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Page 339 and 340: TABLE 11.1 Summary of Types of Miss
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Page 343 and 344: influence on the planetary science
Page 346 and 347: A Letter of Request and Statement o
Page 348 and 349: latter topics are treated in the NR
Page 350 and 351: main findings and recommendations s
Page 352 and 353: TABLE B.1 Institutional Distributio
Page 356 and 357: Scott A. Sandford, The Comet Coma R
Page 358 and 359: C Cost and Technical Evaluation of
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Page 362 and 363: Schedule To aid in the assessment o
Page 364 and 365: FIGURE C.3 Complexity Based Risk As
Page 366 and 367: Lunar Lander Network⎯Four Landers
Page 368 and 369: Caching Mars Rover Mars Astrobiolog
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Page 372 and 373: Flagship‐class Europa Orbiter SOU
Page 374 and 375: Saturn Atmospheric Entry Probe SOUR
Page 376 and 377: Enceladus Orbiter Spacecraft SOURCE
Page 378 and 379: Uranus Orbiter with Entry Probe SOU
Page 380 and 381: SUMMARY Linked technical, cost, and
Page 382 and 383: Overview The purpose of this rapid
Page 384 and 385: Conclusions Based on analyses of th
Page 386 and 387: Technology development was found to
Page 388 and 389: • Characterize the local meteorol
Page 390 and 391: • Characterize Ganymede’s uniqu
Page 392 and 393: landing in the small southern lakes
Page 394 and 395: atmospheric probe and another a sep
Page 396 and 397: FIGURE E.1 Projected budget for the
Page 398 and 399: Biosphere: The life zone of Earth o
Page 400 and 401: EPOXI: The name of the extended mis
Page 402 and 403: Late heavy bombardment: A postulate
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Nili Fossae region: A fracture in t
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Protoplanet: A planet in the proces
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Stardust: A spacecraft launched in
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G Mission and Technology Study Repo
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