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Chapter 6 ACTIONS ON CONTACT 6-41. Actions on contact are discussed in detail in Chapter 3 of this ATTP. Each infiltrating element, however, must develop and rehearse a plan that clearly defines his actions when faced with one or more of the eight forms of contact. If detected, an infiltrating element will most often return fire, break contact, and report. Fighting through the threat force is the least preferred COA. Direct fire engagements are normally limited to whatever actions are required to break contact. To prevent compromise of their established locations and to retain the ability to report information, elements already established in the AO may choose not to provide direct FS for follow-on echelons in contact. 6-42. During an infiltration using multiple lanes, the detection of one element may alert the threat and compromise other units in the infiltration zone. The OPORD must clearly state the criteria under which elements will either continue the mission or return to friendly lines if they are detected by the threat. If an element makes visual contact but is not detected, he should continue the mission once certain he has not been observed. SECTION VI – EXFILTRATION PURPOSE 6-43. Exfiltration is the removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control. The DRT and its elements may have to conduct exfiltration in certain tactical situations. Reconnaissance units that infiltrate an AO often have to conduct exfiltration once they gather the required information to remain undetected by enemy forces. PLANNING 6-44. In all situations, exfiltration must be planned as carefully as infiltration. Planning includes identifying CCPs and emergency resupply points along exfiltration routes to provide supporting elements with a more secure, stealthy route into the AO to conduct these support operations. An effective exfiltration plan is essential in terms of mission accomplishment and morale. In most cases, planning for an exfiltration operation begins at the same time as planning for the infiltration (or other tactical operation) that precedes it. The commander must anticipate contingency measures that may be required if his elements must conduct an unplanned exfiltration during a reconnaissance operation. His exfiltration plan should factor in additional time that the platoon may need to react to unforeseen circumstances, such as inadvertent contact with threat forces or unexpected restricted terrain. 6-45. Leaders plan to integrate both indirect and direct FS for protection during the exfiltration. SUAS assets can assist by locating overwatch positions from which FS assets can provide fires. Whether the unit plans to exfiltrate on foot or by another transport method (ground vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft), detailed planning is required to establish criteria for a passage of lines to minimize the chances of fratricide. The exfiltrating force must also be prepared to plan for contingencies once the operation is under way, particularly if threat contact occurs. 6-46. Exfiltration in an urban environment requires movement in and around multistory buildings that can both conceal movement and provide advantageous threat locations with superior fields of view for engaging scouts. EXECUTION 6-47. The DRT may have to conduct emergency exfiltration if it is detected or engaged by a threat force. This type of operation requires activation of an escape and evasion plan or deployment of a reaction or support force to assist with the extraction of friendly elements. Employment of the reaction force and supporting fires must be carefully coordinated and rehearsed before the insertion and infiltration (or other tactical mission, if applicable) is initiated. In all situations, the heavier the support, the louder the sound signature will become. All DRT leaders should be involved in the coordination and rehearsal of these assets since they will be most likely to assist in the exfiltration and extraction of their scouts. Dismounted 6-8 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
Other Tactical Operations reconnaissance troop units may use successful infiltration routes as their exfiltration routes as well. However, repeated movement in one area increases the likelihood of being detected and ambushed. If possible, exfiltration should be conducted during periods of limited visibility to conceal movement of friendly forces. EXTRACTION METHODS 6-48. Extraction may be conducted by air, water, or land. Plans for extraction must be developed before the operation, covering procedural contingencies such as the evacuation of sick and wounded personnel and disruption of communications. These plans should address various contingencies for movement such as evasion. Hazards in the area of movement must be avoided to improve the scouts’ chances of escape. 6-49. Extraction by air or water means is favored when the resources are available and their use will not compromise the mission. These methods are used when long distances must be covered, when time of return is essential, when the extraction zone lacks adequate cover and concealment, when the threat does not have air or naval superiority, or when complex terrain or heavily populated hostile areas obstruct ground extraction. 6-50. Reconnaissance forces normally conduct extraction via land routes when friendly lines are close or no other extraction method is feasible. Ground extraction is preferred when areas along the route are largely uninhabited, when threat forces are widely dispersed or under such pressure that they cannot conduct counterreconnaissance and security operations. In addition, ground extraction is preferred when terrain is sufficiently restricted to degrade threat efforts to use mobile forces against the exfiltrating/extracting reconnaissance unit. EXTRACTION POINTS 6-51. Extraction points for DRT units should be carefully planned based on factors of METT-TC and far enough away from OPs to ensure that the threat does not hear vehicle or helicopter noises. The exfiltrating force should use mountains, dense foliage, and other terrain features to screen these noises. 6-52. Under normal conditions in flat, open terrain on a clear night, rotary-wing aircraft lose most of their audio signature at a distance of approximately five kilometers. In mountainous terrain, aircraft conducting the extraction can be seen or detected much easier when enemy observers are in place on the hilltops that offer superior observation. 6-53. For motorized ground extractions, rolling terrain can assist in hiding vehicle sounds as long as they maintain low-engine revolutions per minute (RPM). 6-54. In urban areas, motorized extractions may be down narrow roads and alleys to mask movement. Extraction points may be easily hidden among the materials and debris found in the urban area. While the actual point may be in buildings or in open areas such as an intersection, units may use surface or below surface hide locations to avoid detection. This may include inside and outside of buildings. Scouts must avoid detection because they are not prepared to fight decisive engagements. SECTION VII – LINKUP 6-55. A linkup is a meeting of friendly ground forces. A DRT conducts a linkup in the following situations: The troop conducts linkup to conduct RHO or BHO. The troop reaches an objective that has been previously seized. An encircled element breaks out to rejoin friendly forces. Converging forces meet. 6-56. Linkup can be a platoon or section leader meeting another platoon or section leader from a unit on the other side of a lateral boundary or as complex as the troop joining support units for support and supplies. (See 3-20.96 for additional information.) 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 6-9
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
Page 49 and 50: Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Page 59 and 60: Terrain and weather considerations,
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Page 71 and 72: Security Operations Fire support p
Page 73 and 74: Security Operations 4-36. When the
Page 75 and 76: Security Operations Requirements a
Page 77 and 78: Security Operations First techniqu
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Page 83 and 84: Security Operations Figure 4-5. Exa
Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
Page 99: Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
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Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119 and 120: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 121 and 122: AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
Page 123 and 124: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 125 and 126: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 127 and 128: Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
Page 129 and 130: PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power P
Page 131 and 132: Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
Page 133 and 134: Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
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SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
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DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
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Sustainment which are incorporated
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Coordinate for escort vehicles. Co
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EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
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Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
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CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
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Sustainment two aid stations, coord
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Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
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Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
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METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
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SOURCES USED References These are t
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A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
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in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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By order of the Secretary of the Ar
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PIN: 100536-000
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