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Chapter 7 Table 7-4. Techniques for marking of target or location METHOD DAY NIGHT NVG NVS FRIENDLY MARKS TARGET MARKS Smoke Go No Go Marginal No Go Good Good Smoke (infrared) Illumination, Ground Burst Go Go Go No Go Good Good REMARKS Easy ID. May compromise friendly position, obscure target, or warn of FS employment. Placement may be difficult because of terrain, trees, or structures. Easy ID. May compromise friendly position, obscure target, or warn of FS employment. Placement may be difficult because of terrain, trees, or structures. Night marking is greatly enhanced by the use of infrared reflective smoke. Go Go Go No Go N/A Good Easy ID. May wash out NVDs. Signal Mirror Go No Go No Go No Go Good N/A Spot Light No Go Go Go No Go Good Marginal Infrared Spot Light Infrared Laser Pointer (below .4 watts) Infrared Laser Pointer (above .4 watts) No Go No Go Go No Go Good Marginal No Go No Go Go No Go Good Marginal No Go No Go Go No Go Good Good Visual Laser No Go Go Go No Go Good Marginal Laser Designator Go Go No Go Go N/A Good Tracers Go Go Go No Go No Go Marginal VS-17 Panel Go No Go No Go No Go Good N/A Infrared Paper No Go No Go No Go Go Good N/A Avoids compromise of friendly location. Depends on weather and available light. May be lost in reflections from other reflective surfaces such as windshields, windows, or water. Highly visibility to all. Compromises friendly position and warns of FS employment. Effectiveness depends on the degree of ambient lighting. Visible to all NVGs. Effectiveness depends on the degree of ambient lighting. Effectiveness depends on the degree of ambient lighting. Less affected by ambient light and weather conditions. Highly effective under all but the most highly lit or worst weather conditions. IZLID-2 is the current example. Highly visibility to all. High risk of compromise. Effective, depending upon degree of ambient light. Highly effective with precision-guided munitions. Very restrictive laseracquisition cone and requires LOS to target. May require precoordination of laser codes. Requires PGM or LST equipped. May compromise position. May be difficult to distinguish mark from other gunfire. During daytime use, may be more effective to kick up dust surrounding target. Easy to see when visibility is good. Must be shielded from the enemy. Must be shielded from the enemy. Affected by ambient temperature. 7-16 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
Table 7-4. Techniques for marking of target or location (continued) METHOD DAY NIGHT NVG NVS AN/PAQ-4C Infrared Aiming Light AN/PEQ-2A Infrared Aiming Light, Pointer, Illuminator FRIENDLY MARKS TARGET MARKS Augmenting Combat Power REMARKS No Go No Go Go No Go N/A Good Effective to about 600 meters. No Go No Go Go No Go N/A Good Chem Light No Go Go Go No Go Good N/A Infrared Chem Light No Go No Go Go No Go Good N/A Effective to about 1300 meters. Can illuminate the target. Must be shielded from enemy observation. Affected by ambient light. Spin to give unique signature. Must be shielded from enemy observation. Affected by ambient light. Spin to give unique signature Strobe No Go Go Go No Go Excellent N/A Visible to all. Affected by ambient light. Infrared Strobe No Go No Go Go No Go Excellent N/A Effectiveness depends on ambient light. Coded strobes aid acquisition. Visible to all with NVGs. Flare Go Go Go Marginal Excellent N/A Visible to all. Easily seen by aircrew. Infrared Flare No Go No Go Go No Go Excellent N/A Easily seen by aircrews with NVGs. Glint/Infrared Panel Combat ID Panel Chemical Heat Sources, MRE Heater No Go No Go Go No Go No Go No Go No Go No Go No Go Go Good N/A No Go Good N/A Go Poor N/A Briefing Pointer No Go Go Go No Go Fair Poor Short range. Electronic Beacon Hydra 70 Illumination N/A N/A N/A N/A Excellent Good Go Go Go Go N/A Good CLOSE COMBAT ATTACK REQUESTS Not readily detected by enemy. Effective except in high ambient light. Provides temperature contrast on vehicles or buildings. Can be lost in thermal clutter. Difficult to acquire. Best to contrast a cold background. Ideal friendly marking for AC-130 and some USAF CAS. Not compatible with Navy/Marines. Can be used as a TRP. Coordination with aircrew essential. Assists with direct fire and adjustment of indirect fire. 7-65. A request for CCA may be sent when targets of opportunity require engagement from Army aviation elements. Time is the primary constraining factor for coordinating aviation fires. Requests for CCA should follow the briefing format shown in Table 7-5. The CCA briefing is the joint standard five-line format with minor modifications for Army helicopters and is also used for request for support from Specter gunships. This briefing provides clear and concise information in a logical sequence enabling aircrews to employ their weapons systems. It also provides appropriate control to reduce risk of fratricide. Transmission of the brief constitutes clearance to fire except in a danger close situation. When applicable, danger close missions must be declared in line 5. 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 7-17
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
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Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Reconnaissance Operations Determin
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CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
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Reconnaissance Operations Major te
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Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
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Terrain and weather considerations,
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Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
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Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
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Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
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Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
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Security Operations and allow him t
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Security Operations Fire support p
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Security Operations 4-36. When the
Page 75 and 76: Security Operations Requirements a
Page 77 and 78: Security Operations First techniqu
Page 79 and 80: Security Operations Figure 4-2. Exa
Page 81 and 82: Security Operations effective commu
Page 83 and 84: Security Operations Figure 4-5. Exa
Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
Page 99 and 100: Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
Page 101 and 102: Other Tactical Operations reconnais
Page 103 and 104: 6-65. Additional planning considera
Page 105 and 106: Other Tactical Operations In a rea
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119 and 120: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 121 and 122: AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
Page 123 and 124: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 125: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 129 and 130: PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power P
Page 131 and 132: Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
Page 133 and 134: Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
Page 147 and 148: DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
Page 151 and 152: SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
Page 153 and 154: DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
Page 155 and 156: Sustainment which are incorporated
Page 157 and 158: Coordinate for escort vehicles. Co
Page 159 and 160: EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
Page 161 and 162: Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
Page 163 and 164: CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
Page 165 and 166: Sustainment two aid stations, coord
Page 167 and 168: Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
Page 169 and 170: Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
Page 171 and 172: METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
Page 173 and 174: SOURCES USED References These are t
Page 175 and 176: A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
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in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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By order of the Secretary of the Ar
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PIN: 100536-000
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