Dismounted Reconnaissance Troop - Army Electronic Publications ...

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Chapter 2 RADIO FREQUENCIES 2-81. Dismounted reconnaissance troop operations normally depend on radio as the primary means of communications for both voice and digital traffic. Net discipline and TACSOP procedures minimize needless traffic. To avoid detection by threat direction-finding equipment, reconnaissance units use all other means of communications to supplement the radio. Once in contact, the primary means will be FM voice. Radio communications include electromagnetic communications in FM, amplitude modulation, ultrahigh frequency (UHF), and very high frequency (VHF) spectrums. 2-82. Dismounted reconnaissance troop elements that can observe but cannot report what they see are a wasted resource. The ability to communicate is their first responsibility, and radios are their primary weapon. The DRT must be experts in the use of multiple radios systems and in the three primary military radio frequency spectrums: high frequency (HF), VHF, and UHF. Soldiers must be highly proficient in programming, troubleshooting, and maintaining many types of radios. VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RADIOS 2-83. These are generally simple to use and provide reliable and clear, short-range tactical communications. The SINCGARS series of radios provide tactical units excellent communications that is easy to secure from enemy eavesdropping. Most of the common military radios operate within these frequencies. ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY RADIOS 2-84. These provide reliable tactical LOS, operational, and strategic communications. However, due to the high demand and to potential interoperability problems with other units, it is not always practical for reconnaissance units to use this spectrum. Military radios that operate within these frequencies include tactical satellite (TACSAT) radios. 2-85. A UHF TACSAT radio is a reliable communications system with unlimited range. Understandably, satellite channels are in high demand and are thus also in short supply. Because the priority for UHF TACSAT channels goes to division HQ and above, joint and special operations units and DRT units must usually share satellite channels. For this reason, the secure LOS radio systems remain the primary means of communication. When DRT units obtain satellite access, they must carefully manage it for airtime and message precedence. NETWORKS 2-86. Troop tactical communications are mainly conducted using secure FM radios. As mentioned earlier, communications are critical to the success of DRT reconnaissance and security missions. The information gathered by DRT units must be transmitted to supported units in a timely manner for it to be transformed into intelligence and used by commanders to make tactical decisions. 2-87. Dismounted reconnaissance troop units most often operate as teams. As the organization states, two teams make a section, three sections make a platoon, and two platoons make up the troop. Transmission of information, such as that from a team surveillance site, is normally conducted over a platoon internal secure FM frequency. These transmissions are made from the surveillance site to the hide site. All teams within the platoon operate on the same net using specific time windows for each team for transmissions of reports. Alternate platoon frequencies are used for emergency transmissions. 2-88. Transmissions from the hide site are sent directly to the troop over the troop command net on a FM secure frequency. As with the teams, hide sites transmit during time windows using a troop alternate frequency for emergency transmissions. Platoon leaders monitor team transmissions from surveillance and hide sites. The troop in turn sends the information to the squadron. 2-16 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and Control 2-89. Information is normally transmitted over VHF secure FM radio systems. Transmissions are continually adjusted to reflect changing conditions and missions. Successful communications depends on team knowledge; the type of emission (voice or data); the transmitter power output; selection of the best possible antenna and antenna site; proper antenna construction; propagated frequencies; terrain and weather; and atmospheric conditions. The variable over which the unit has the most control is antennas. Training of team members on radio systems and antenna construction is essential to mission success (TC 9-64, FM 6-02.74). BEYOND LINE OF SIGHT EQUIPMENT 2-90. Due to the frequency band they operate in, tactical VHF radios, like the SINCGARS, are LOS only. In addition to LOS communications, the DRT must also be able to communicate beyond line of sight (BLOS). High frequency and UHF bands may be used for BLOS communications by using the proper equipment. The DRT must be trained in the use of lower band HF and higher band UHF TACSAT systems to accomplish BLOS communications when necessary. High frequency systems allow for long range communications without the use of terrestrial or satellite relays. Tactical satellite radios must have LOS from the radio to the satellite, but allow for BLOS communications to a distant receiver that also has LOS to the satellite. RETRANSMISSION 2-91. Retransmission can greatly extend the range of a radio LOS network. Traditionally, retransmission networks are used with two different frequencies or net identifications (IDs), called F1 to F2 retransmission. Some newer systems allow for retransmission using the same frequency or net identification (ID) called F1 to F1 retransmission. Most current radios support retransmission operations with the use of a retransmission cable. If the range between two networks is too great for ground wave radios, two LOS networks can be connected using TACSAT radios. COMMERCIAL LINES 2-92. Commercial lines are used when approved by the squadron. Careful consideration must be given to securing commercial lines using devices like the secure telephone unit-III and limiting classified material sent over unsecured lines and on cell phones. Threat forces may rely heavily on local communications networks. If the squadron is forced to withdraw, it may consider cutting or removing existing wire lines, including commercial lines, so the threat cannot use them. SOUND AND VISUAL 2-93. Sound and visual signals are covered in the SOI or the unit TACSOP. They include pyrotechnics, hand- and arm-, flag, metal-on-metal, sirens, rifle shot, whistles, and bells. TACSOP may establish signals not included in the SOI. The battlefield will have many sound and visual cues that become increasingly important in complex and urban terrain. Commanders and staff planners carefully determine how sound and visual signals will be used and authenticated. MESSENGERS 2-94. Messengers can be used between CPs, trains, and higher and lower headquarters. The use of messengers from the DRT will be as fast as the messengers can walk unless they are provided other means of transportation. 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 2-17
Page 1 and 2: ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
Page 3 and 4: Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
Page 5 and 6: Contents Purpose ..................
Page 7 and 8: Contents Detachments ..............
Page 9 and 10: Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
Page 13 and 14: Introduction mission command and co
Page 15 and 16: Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
Page 17 and 18: PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
Page 19 and 20: SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
Page 21 and 22: Introduction describing the threats
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
Page 25 and 26: Command and Control resource—comp
Page 27 and 28: Artillery targets (list and overlay
Page 29 and 30: Command and Control Uses a listeni
Page 31 and 32: Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
Page 33 and 34: Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
Page 35 and 36: Command and Control The local popu
Page 37: Command and Control mission. Suppor
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
Page 43 and 44: Reconnaissance Operations planning
Page 45 and 46: Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
Page 47 and 48: Capabilities Target acquisition.
Page 49 and 50: Reconnaissance Operations their cap
Page 51 and 52: Reconnaissance Operations Determin
Page 53 and 54: CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
Page 55 and 56: Reconnaissance Operations Major te
Page 57 and 58: Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
Page 59 and 60: Terrain and weather considerations,
Page 61 and 62: Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
Page 65 and 66: Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
Page 69 and 70: Security Operations and allow him t
Page 71 and 72: Security Operations Fire support p
Page 73 and 74: Security Operations 4-36. When the
Page 75 and 76: Security Operations Requirements a
Page 77 and 78: Security Operations First techniqu
Page 79 and 80: Security Operations Figure 4-2. Exa
Page 81 and 82: Security Operations effective commu
Page 83 and 84: Security Operations Figure 4-5. Exa
Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
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SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
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Looking at the host and not the int
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Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
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Other Tactical Operations commander
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PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
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Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
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Other Tactical Operations reconnais
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6-65. Additional planning considera
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Other Tactical Operations In a rea
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Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
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Other Tactical Operations necessary
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Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
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Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
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CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
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Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
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PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
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AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
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NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
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PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
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Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
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PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power P
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Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
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Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
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ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
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Command and Control Augmenting Comb
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LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
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Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
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Augmenting Combat Power augments th
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Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
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DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
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Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
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SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
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DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
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Sustainment which are incorporated
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Coordinate for escort vehicles. Co
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EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
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Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
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CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
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Sustainment two aid stations, coord
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Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
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Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
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METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
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SOURCES USED References These are t
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A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
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in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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By order of the Secretary of the Ar
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PIN: 100536-000
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