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Chapter 7 a dedicated element to conduct emergency extraction based on availability of assets. The commander also considers the snipers’ level of training and physical conditioning to determine the effects of these human factors on sniper operations. Furthermore, the commander considers the time required to properly prepare and rest teams, recognizing that using multiple teams simultaneously can limit their availability at a later time. Time Available 7-75. The DRT commander considers how much time the snipers have to achieve the result he expects. He must allocate time for snipers to plan, coordinate, prepare, rehearse, move, and establish positions. He understands how the snipers’ risk increases with inadequate time to plan or to perform other tasks such as moving to the AO. The length of time a sniper team can remain in a position without loss of effectiveness due to eye fatigue, muscle strain, or cramps depends mostly on the type of position the team occupies. Generally, snipers can remain in an expedient position for six hours before they must be relieved. They can remain in belly positions or semi-permanent hides for up to 48 hours before they must be relieved. The average mission takes about 24 hours. Movement factors for snipers operating with a security element are the same as for any Infantry force. When snipers move alone in the AO, they move slowly; their movement can be measured in feet and inches. The sniper team is the best resource in determining how much time is required for their movement. Civil Considerations 7-76. The DRT sniper can be employed to gather information or to dominate an AO by delivering selective, precision fire against specific targets IAW the applicable ROE. A sniper team’s ROE may differ from those applied to the rest of the troop. The sniper team must have clearance to reduce high-risk targets, at the team’s discretion, to save lives. Some of the specialized tasks that commanders can assign to snipers include the following: As authorized by local orders or instructions, engage individual targets involved in such activities as hijacking, kidnapping, weapons emplacement, or IED/EFP emplacement. Engage threat snipers as opportunity targets or as part of a deliberate clearance operation. Covertly occupy concealed positions to observe selected areas. Record and report all suspicious activity in the area of observation. Help coordinate the activities of other elements by taking advantage of hidden observation positions. Protect other elements of the controlling forces, including auxiliaries such as firemen and repair crews. PREPARATION 7-77. Mission preparation comprises several steps: learning the mission, understanding the DRT commander’s intent, and determining the resources that will be required from receipt of the order through debriefing. <strong>Troop</strong>-leading procedures assist the commander and sniper squad/section leader in preparing the mission (as well as in planning and execution). This discussion covers several TLP considerations. Mission Alert 7-78. The DRT sniper team receives the mission in oral or written form. The team analyzes it to ensure that all Soldiers understand it and then begins making plans. Warning Order 7-79. Normally, the entire sniper team receives the mission brief. If only the sniper team leader receives the brief, however, he issues a WARNO as soon as possible afterward. 7-20 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Power 7-80. The DRT sniper team leader makes a tentative plan for accomplishing the mission. If the mission is complex and time is short, he may be able to make only a quick mental estimate. If he has time, he makes a more thorough estimate. The sniper team members learn as much as they can about the threat and mission requirements and apply what they learn to the terrain in the assigned area. Coordination 7-81. Coordination checklists included in the troop TACSOP are vital tools for sniper planning. The troop commander and the team coordinate with all elements involved in the operation. All parties use checklists to ensure that they cover all the required areas. Sniper coordination requirements include the following: Intelligence. Operations. Fire support. Insertion/extraction. Adjacent units. Routes. Rehearsal area. <strong>Army</strong> aviation support. Vehicle movement. OPORD. 7-82. The sniper team leader completes his plan based on his map/imagery reconnaissance and on any changes in the threat situation. He may or may not change the tentative plan, but he can add critical details. He focuses mainly on actions in the objective area and carefully assigns specific tasks to his snipers for all phases of the operation. He issues the OPORD in the standard five-paragraph format. He includes terrain models, sketches, and chalkboards to highlight important details such as routes, planned rally points, and actions at known danger areas. Backbrief 7-83. The sniper team rehearses the backbrief before presenting it to the commander. Equipment Check 7-84. The sniper team ensures that all equipment is operational. The team leader ensures that weapons are clean, functional, and test-fired to confirm zeroing. The team makes a communications check with all elements participating in the operation. Final Inspection 7-85. Snipers make any last-minute changes and correct any deficiencies found during equipment checks. The commander and sniper squad/section leader conduct the final inspection and review the mission with team members. Rehearsals 7-86. Rehearsals ensure team proficiency. During rehearsals, the sniper squad/section leader reviews and refines his plan based on revised threat assessments or any additional guidance from the DRT commander. EXECUTION 7-87. A sniper mission has three general phases: insertion, execution, and extraction. 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 7-21
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
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Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Reconnaissance Operations Determin
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CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
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Reconnaissance Operations Major te
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Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
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Terrain and weather considerations,
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Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
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Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
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Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
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Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
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Security Operations and allow him t
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Security Operations Fire support p
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Security Operations 4-36. When the
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Security Operations Requirements a
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Security Operations First techniqu
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Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
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Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
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Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119 and 120: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 121 and 122: AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
Page 123 and 124: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 125 and 126: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 127 and 128: Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
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Page 133 and 134: Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
Page 147 and 148: DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
Page 151 and 152: SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
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Page 167 and 168: Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
Page 169 and 170: Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
Page 171 and 172: METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
Page 173 and 174: SOURCES USED References These are t
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PIN: 100536-000
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