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Chapter 7 Table 7-3. Close air support nine-line request format CAS Briefing (Nine-Line) Do not transmit line numbers. Units of measure are standard unless briefed. Lines 4, 6, and restrictions are mandatory readback (*). JTAC may request additional readback. JTAC may request additional readback. JTAC: “this is” (Aircraft call sign; JTAC) "Type________ (1, 2, or 3) Control" 1. IP/BP: " " 2. Heading: " " (Deg Magnetic; IP/BP to target) Offset: " " (Left/right, when required) 3. Distance: " " (IP to target in nautical miles, BP to target in meters). 4.* Target Elevation: " " (in feet/MSL) 5. Target Description: " " 6.* Target Location: " " (Latitude and longitude, grid coordinates to include map datum such as WGS-84, offsets, or visual description) 7. Type Mark: " " Code: " " (WP, Laser, IR, Beacon) (Actual Code) 8. Location of Friendlies: " " (From target, cardinal directions and distance in meters) Position marked by: " " 9. Egress: " " Remarks (as appropriate): " " (Restrictions*, ordnance delivery, threats, FAH, hazards, ACAs, weather, target info, SEAD, LTL ,GTL {degrees magnetic north}, night vision, danger close [plus commander's initials]). Time on Target (TOT): " " or Time to Target (TTT): " __ " "Standby plus, Hack." (minutes) (seconds) Note. When identifying position coordinates for joint ops, include map data. Grid coordinates must include 100,000-meter grid identification. CLOSE COMBAT ATTACK 7-60. Close combat attack is defined as a hasty or deliberate attack in support of units engaged in close combat. During CCA, armed helicopters engage enemy units with direct fire that impact near friendly forces. Targets may range from a few hundred meters to a few thousand meters. Close combat attack is coordinated and directed by a team, platoon, or by company-level ground-unit Soldiers using standardized CCA procedures in unit TACSOP’s. The DRT may require the use of Army aviation for CCA operations. The integration and synchronization of CCA operations is key to ensuring the successful completion of the commander's intent for the use of the aircraft. 7-14 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Power 7-61. Digital transmission of information, such as coordinates, is faster and more accurate, if available. Voice communications are necessary to verify information and to clarify needs and intentions. The minimum information required by the Army aviation team to ensure accurate and timely support is listed below: Situation including friendly forces’ location and composition, enemy situation highlighting known ADA threat in the AC, mission request, and tentative EA coordinates. Brigade- and squadron-level graphics update via MCS, AMPS or via radio communications, updating critical items—such as LOA, fire-control measures, and maneuver graphics—to better integrate into the friendly scheme of maneuver. FS coordination information: location of direct support artillery and organic mortars, and call signs and frequencies. Ingress/egress routes in the AO. This includes passage points into sector or zone and air route to the holding area or LZ. Call signs and frequencies of the squadron in contact, down to the troop in contact; air-ground coordination must be done on command frequencies to provide SA for all elements involved. GPS and SINCGARS time coordination; care must be taken to ensure that all units are operating on the same time. MARKING 7-62. Ground units must ensure that aircraft have positive identification of the locations of friendly units and targets. There are various ways to mark a location or target. (Table 7-4 lists various marking methods.) The effectiveness of vision systems on helicopters compares to those found on ground vehicles. During the day, the vision systems of the AH-64 and the OH-58D allow accurate identification of targets. During periods of reduced visibility, resolution is greatly degraded, requiring additional methods of verification. This situation requires extra efforts from both the ground unit and aviation element. Some U.S. weapons can kill targets beyond the ranges that thermal, optical, and radar acquisition devices allow positive identification. Both aviation and ground forces might become overloaded with tasks in the heat of battle. Simple, positive identification procedures must be established and known to all. Marking U.S. Troops 7-63. A method of target identification is direction and distance from friendly forces. Friendly forces can mark their own positions with infrared strobes, infrared tape, NVG lights, smoke, signal panels, body position, meals ready to eat (MRE) heaters, chemical lights, and mirrors. Marking friendly positions is the least desirable method of target location information. It should be used with extreme caution. Marking friendly positions can take more time than directly marking a target, but it can reveal friendly positions to the enemy. Marking Enemy Positions 7-64. Target marking aids aircrews in locating the target that the unit in contact desires them to attack. Ground commanders should provide the target mark whenever possible. To be effective, the mark must be timely, accurate, and easily identifiable. Target marks might be confused with other fires on the battlefield, suppression rounds, detonations, and marks on other targets. Although a mark is not mandatory, it improves aircrew accuracy, enhances SA, and reduces the risk of fratricide. 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 7-15
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
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Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Reconnaissance Operations Determin
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CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
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Reconnaissance Operations Major te
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Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
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Terrain and weather considerations,
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Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
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Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
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Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
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Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
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Security Operations and allow him t
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Security Operations Fire support p
Page 73 and 74: Security Operations 4-36. When the
Page 75 and 76: Security Operations Requirements a
Page 77 and 78: Security Operations First techniqu
Page 79 and 80: Security Operations Figure 4-2. Exa
Page 81 and 82: Security Operations effective commu
Page 83 and 84: Security Operations Figure 4-5. Exa
Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
Page 99 and 100: Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
Page 101 and 102: Other Tactical Operations reconnais
Page 103 and 104: 6-65. Additional planning considera
Page 105 and 106: Other Tactical Operations In a rea
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119 and 120: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 121 and 122: AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
Page 123: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 127 and 128: Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
Page 129 and 130: PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power P
Page 131 and 132: Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
Page 133 and 134: Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
Page 147 and 148: DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
Page 151 and 152: SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
Page 153 and 154: DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
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Page 157 and 158: Coordinate for escort vehicles. Co
Page 159 and 160: EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
Page 161 and 162: Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
Page 163 and 164: CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
Page 165 and 166: Sustainment two aid stations, coord
Page 167 and 168: Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
Page 169 and 170: Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
Page 171 and 172: METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
Page 173 and 174: SOURCES USED References These are t
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A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
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in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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By order of the Secretary of the Ar
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PIN: 100536-000
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