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Chapter 7 COORDINATION CONSIDERATIONS 7-38. The troop FSO has the following responsibilities in coordinating fires: Ensure the squadron FSO, the troop mortar section, and any other supporting elements have the correct FS plan. Conduct fires rehearsals prior to every operation, when feasible. Keep the squadron FSO informed of the tactical situation. Select the appropriate fires method to engage targets. Ensure the troop commander is kept informed regarding the status of all fires assets. Modify the FS plan as necessary and ensure changes are disseminated. Coordinate requests for additional fires, if needed. Monitor execution of the FS plan throughout the operation. 7-39. The troop FSO ensures that the FS plan remains supportable. Because the FSO must immediately inform the commander if the plan becomes unworkable or if circumstances dictate changes to the plan, the FSO has to stay abreast of the tactical situation and coordinate, refine, and anticipate all FS requirements. FIRES IN CLOSE SUPPORT 7-40. For the DRT, close supporting fires are most commonly used to aid in disengaging from the enemy. Close supporting fires may be used in either offensive or defensive situations depending on the nature of the operation. EFFECTS 7-41. The DRT mission often does not require the use of indirect fires. Usually, reconnaissance is the purpose of their operation as opposed to engaging in direct conflict with the enemy. The use of close supporting fires may be used for disengagements, however. The purpose is often to slow the enemy by degrading their effectiveness. Indirect fires may cause the enemy to seek cover or fight with their vehicles buttoned up. This gives the reconnaissance unit more freedom of maneuver to disengage. Suppression of the enemy and obscuration of friendly movements is usually the desired effect for DRT units. ACCURACY 7-42. Many variables affect the accuracy of the indirect fire weapon systems. The FSO has the technical knowledge to assist the troop commander. Artillery and mortars are area weapons systems, which mean that every round fired from the same tube impacts in an area around the target or aiming point. This dispersion is greater in length than in width. The weather conditions (wind, temperature, and humidity), the condition of the weapon, and the proficiency of the crew also affect the accuracy. PROTECTION 7-43. If the unit is in well-prepared stationary positions with overhead cover, an FPF can be adjusted very close, just beyond bursting range. If required, the troop commander can even call for artillery fires right on his position using proximity or time fuzes for airbursts. The commander considers the terrain, the breach site, and the enemy positions to determine how close to adjust supporting indirect fires. INTEGRATION OF SUPPRESSIVE FIRES 7-44. When integrating indirect suppressive fires to support disengagements or other operations, the following points should be considered: Danger increases with the size of weapons. Mortars and artillery should be used on enemy positions further away from friendly units. Sixty-mm mortars, grenade launchers, and direct fire weapons should be used for close suppression. If the rounds are coming over the head of friendly elements, the margin of safety is reduced. 7-10 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power <strong>Troop</strong> mortars firing direct lay or direct alignment achieve quicker and greater success. They are able to observe the rounds' impact and adjust accordingly. Ideally, the firing units register prior to firing close support missions. If not, the first rounds fired might be off target by a considerable distance. Once the firing units are adjusted on a target, then any shifts from that target are much more reliable. Risk estimate distances should always be considered when firing close to friendly units. (For further information on risk estimate distances, see FM 3-21.10.) 7-45. Aviation fires may come from joint service fixed-wing aircraft or <strong>Army</strong> aviation rotary-wing aircraft. The troop commander should be aware of the assets available to support his mission and plan the use of aviation fires. Aviation fires should be based on mission need, to include preplanned targets if required, and immediate missions for unscheduled attacks. (For more information on aviation support, see FM 3-21.10.) CLOSE AIR SUPPORT 7-46. The DRT may employ CAS from fixed-wing aircraft to augment other supporting fires or to attack targets in the HPTL. The speed, range, and maneuverability of aircraft allow them to attack targets that other supporting arms may not be able to effectively engage because of limiting factors such as target type, range, terrain, or the ground scheme of maneuver. Ground commanders are the ultimate authority for all supporting fires in their respective AOs. The ground commander at the lowest level is responsible for employment of CAS assets unless responsibility is specifically retained by a higher level commander in the ground force chain of command. (See FM 3-09.32 for additional information on the role of JTAC personnel and JFOs.) TYPES OF CLOSE AIR SUPPORT MISSIONS 7-47. Close air support missions may be either preplanned or immediate. Preplanned Close Air Support 7-48. Preplanned CAS missions are requested 72 hours in advance of the operation. They may or may not include detailed target information due to the lead time for the mission. These requests, however, must include potential targets, desired effects, proposed times, and a general priority. Preplanned CAS is categorized as follows. Scheduled Mission 7-49. This entails CAS strikes on a planned target at a planned time or time on target (TOT). Alert Mission 7-50. Alert (or on-call) CAS entails strikes on a planned target or target area executed upon request. Usually, this mission is launched (or scrambled) from a ground alert status, but may be flown from an airborne on-call alert status. Alert CAS allows the ground commander to designate a general target area within which targets are to be attacked. The ground commander designates a conditional period within which he will later determine specific times for attacking targets. Immediate Close Air Support 7-51. Requests for immediate CAS are used for requirements that were identified too late to meet the air tracking order cutoff time. If there are no immediate CAS sorties available and HPTs have been identified, then other aircraft may be diverted to engage these targets or provide CAS for DRT missions. 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 7-11
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
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Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Reconnaissance Operations Determin
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CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
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Reconnaissance Operations Major te
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Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
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Terrain and weather considerations,
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Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
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Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
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Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
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Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
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Page 71 and 72: Security Operations Fire support p
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Page 77 and 78: Security Operations First techniqu
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Page 81 and 82: Security Operations effective commu
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Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
Page 99 and 100: Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
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Page 103 and 104: 6-65. Additional planning considera
Page 105 and 106: Other Tactical Operations In a rea
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 123 and 124: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 125 and 126: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 127 and 128: Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
Page 129 and 130: PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power P
Page 131 and 132: Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
Page 133 and 134: Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
Page 147 and 148: DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
Page 151 and 152: SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
Page 153 and 154: DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
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Page 159 and 160: EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
Page 161 and 162: Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
Page 163 and 164: CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
Page 165 and 166: Sustainment two aid stations, coord
Page 167 and 168: Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
Page 169 and 170: Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
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METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
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SOURCES USED References These are t
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A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
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in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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By order of the Secretary of the Ar
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PIN: 100536-000
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