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Chapter 7 Insertion Phase 7-88. Insertion is the first critical phase of any sniper operation. The team may have to pass through terrain where the enemy might use sophisticated detection devices. The method of insertion selected depends on METT-TC. The team can be part of a mounted or dismounted patrol, moving away as it approaches the insertion point. Execution Phase 7-89. The execution phase includes the sniper team’s movement from the insertion site to the target area, execution of the mission, and movement to the extraction site. Movement to the Target Area 7-90. After leaving the insertion site, the sniper team transmits an initial entry report as required by unit TACSOP. This report ensures that radio equipment operates properly. It also informs the commander and CP of the team’s status. Occupation of Position 7-91. During mission planning, the team selects a tentative final firing position (FFP), objective rally point (ORP), and route based on map and aerial photograph reconnaissance. The snipers move close to the tentative FFP and establish the ORP. Then, they move forward to search for a specific FFP site, ensuring that it is suitable and that they can observe the target area at ground level. They reconnoiter the FFP during limited visibility. After they locate an FFP, they return to the ORP, secure all mission-essential equipment, move to the FFP and occupy it, and begin to construct the hide position. Primary Positions 7-92. Snipers position themselves where they can observe or control one or more avenues of approach into the defensive position. Sniper employment can increase all-around security and allow the commander to concentrate his assets against the most likely threat COA. Snipers can support the troop by providing extra optics for target acquisition and precise long-range fires to complement the fires of other weapon systems. This arrangement takes advantage of the effectiveness of all of the unit’s weapons. In an economy of force role, snipers can cover dismounted enemy avenues of approach into troop positions. Alternate and Supplementary Positions 7-93. Snipers establish alternate and supplementary positions for all-around security. Multiple sniper teams, if used, can be positioned for surveillance and mutual FS. If possible, they establish positions in depth for continuous support during the operation. (For more information on establishing alternate and supplemental positions, see FM 3-22.10.) Reports 7-94. The sniper team follows the troop communications TACSOP. Team members maintain communications throughout the mission using directional antennas, masking, and burst transmissions. Extraction Phase 7-95. The sniper team exfiltrates as soon as it accomplishes the mission. The extraction site is coordinated with supporting forces before the mission. The situation, however, will dictate whether the sniper team conducts extraction at the planned site, exfiltrates, or has to escape and evade. SECURITY ELEMENT 7-96. During insertion and extraction, sniper teams move with a security element (section or platoon) whenever possible. Initially, sniper teams can also move with a motorized element, which allows them to 7-22 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
Augmenting Combat Power enter an area more quickly and safely than if they operated alone. The security element also protects the snipers during the operation. When moving with a security element, snipers use the following guidelines: Snipers should appear to be an integral part of the security element. Based on METT-TC, they conceal their sniper-unique equipment—such as optics, radios, and ghillie suits—from view whenever possible. Snipers wear the same uniforms as the members of the security element. Snipers and element members maintain proper intervals and positions in the element formation. URBAN OPERATIONS 7-97. The DRT sniper’s value to a unit conducting UO depends on several factors, including the type of operation, level of conflict, and ROE. Where ROE allow destruction, snipers may not be needed since other weapon systems have greater destructive effect. But where ROE prohibit collateral damage, snipers can be the commander’s most valuable tool. During stability operations in urban terrain, the sniper can provide greatly enhanced observation of an area or population and can apply precise firepower within the limits of the ROE more easily than more powerful weapon systems. SECTION III – ARMY AVIATION 7-98. <strong>Army</strong> aviation assets can enhance troop operations through additional support in reconnaissance, security, and movement of personnel and equipment. Aviation assets are often used en route to and from the objective and can assist in operations at the objective site. ORGANIZATION 7-99. Organization of aviation units in support of the troop will be designed, tailored, and configured for specific operational support based on mission guidance and the specific AO in which the units operate. The organization could be any combination of attack reconnaissance, assault, lift, and maintenance units. CAPABILITIES 7-100. Aviation units support operations by: LIMITATIONS Conducting day, night, and limited visibility combat, enabling, and sustainment operations. Weighting the combat power of the supported unit by rapidly maneuvering forces to achieve mass at critical times and places. Shaping the AO by providing near-real-time combat information on threat locations and dispositions throughout the AO. Influencing the tempo of friendly and threat operations. Conducting joint air attack team operations. Conducting SEAD. 7-101. Aviation units are subject to the following limitations: The effects of weather and obscuration on observation, acquisition, and engagement ranges of combat systems, as well as on the employment of all aviation forces. Limited capability to secure aviation assembly areas. Limited employment times based on distance and fuel consumption. PRINCIPLES OF AVIATION EMPLOYMENT 7-102. The principles and guidelines for employment of aviation assets are to: Fight as an integral part of the combined arms team. Exploit the capabilities of other branches and services. 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 7-23
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
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Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Reconnaissance Operations Determin
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CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
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Reconnaissance Operations Major te
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Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
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Terrain and weather considerations,
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Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
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Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
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Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
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Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
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Security Operations and allow him t
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Security Operations Fire support p
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Security Operations 4-36. When the
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Security Operations Requirements a
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Security Operations First techniqu
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Security Operations Figure 4-2. Exa
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Page 83 and 84: Security Operations Figure 4-5. Exa
Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
Page 99 and 100: Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
Page 101 and 102: Other Tactical Operations reconnais
Page 103 and 104: 6-65. Additional planning considera
Page 105 and 106: Other Tactical Operations In a rea
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119 and 120: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 121 and 122: AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
Page 123 and 124: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 125 and 126: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 127 and 128: Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
Page 129 and 130: PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power P
Page 131: Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
Page 147 and 148: DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
Page 151 and 152: SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
Page 153 and 154: DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
Page 155 and 156: Sustainment which are incorporated
Page 157 and 158: Coordinate for escort vehicles. Co
Page 159 and 160: EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
Page 161 and 162: Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
Page 163 and 164: CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
Page 165 and 166: Sustainment two aid stations, coord
Page 167 and 168: Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
Page 169 and 170: Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
Page 171 and 172: METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
Page 173 and 174: SOURCES USED References These are t
Page 175 and 176: A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
Page 177 and 178: in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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PIN: 100536-000
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