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Chapter 7 Table 7-5. Close combat attack briefing CLOSE COMBAT ATTACK BRIEFING (Ground to Air) 1. Observer-WARNO: “(Aircraft call sign) THIS IS (Observer call sign). FIRE MISSION. OVER.” 2. Friendly Location/Mark: “MY POSITION (TRP, GRID). MARKED BY (STROBE, BEACON, IR STROBE or others).” 3. Target Location: “(Magnetic Bearing and Range (meters), TRP, Grid.)” 4. Target Description/Mark: “(Target Description) MARKED BY (IR, pointer, Tracer, or others). Over.” 5. Remarks: “(Threats, Danger Close Clearance 1 , Restrictions, At My Command 2 , or others.)” As Required: 1. Clearance: Transmission of the fire mission is clearance to fire, unless danger close. Danger close ranges are IAW FM 3-09.32. For closer fire, the observer/commander must accept responsibility for increased risk. State, “CLEARED DANGER CLOSE” on line 5. This clearance may be preplanned. 2. At my command. For positive control of the gunship, state “AT MY COMMAND” on line 5. The gunship will call “READY TO FIRE” when ready. SNIPER EMPLOYMENT 7-66. Sniper teams play a critical role in tactical operations. Well-trained snipers provide commanders accurate and precisely targeted long-range small-arms fire. Accurate and unexpected sniper fires can affect the threat’s morale, ability to move, and mission accomplishment. Snipers are also well trained and equipped to observe, collect, and provide critical, detailed information. It is in this role that they are often employed for reconnaissance units. TROOP SNIPER OPERATIONS 7-67. The DRT commander or sniper squad leader controls the sniper teams from a central location. Once deployed, sniper teams may operate independently in support of the troop mission. To successfully contribute to mission accomplishment, they must clearly understand the commander’s intent, concept of the operation, and purpose for their assigned tasks. The commander and his supporting sniper elements must retain flexibility. Snipers are effective only in areas with good fields of fire and observation. They should have the freedom of action to choose their own positions once on the ground. (See FM 3-22.10.) 7-68. The sniper squad leader assigns tasks based on the commander’s intent and the concept of operations. The common sniper tasks are discussed below. While the DRT sniper squad is capable of accomplishing each task, their main role in DRT operations remains that of surveillance, information gathering, and reporting of information. Below are common tasks snipers are able to perform. Tasks prevalent during UO are marked with an asterisk. Conduct surveillance operations.* Provide overwatch for OPs and fire positions. Cover obstacles while friendly forces cross them. Observe and control indirect fire onto threat positions. Conduct countersniper operations.* Target key threat leaders.* Target threat C2 nodes. Target vehicle operators.* Target threat crew-served weapons and crews.* Target threat sappers.* Cover demolition guards and supply columns. 7-18 ATTP 3-20.97 16 November 2010
PLANNING Augmenting Combat Power Place accurate fire into bunkers and embrasures. Disable or destroy key threat equipment and material. Ambush or harass withdrawing threat elements. Deny threat access to certain areas (such as obstacles) or avenues of approach (such as defiles). 7-69. The planning process for employment of snipers is the same as that for employment of other forces. The variables of METT-TC are used for mission analysis of sniper employment. Mission 7-70. The mission assigned to a DRT sniper team for a particular operation consists of the task(s) the commander wants the sniper team to accomplish and the reason (purpose) for it. The DRT commander decides how he wants his sniper team to affect the AO. He then assigns missions to achieve this effect using these guidelines: The commander assigns target priorities so snipers can avoid involvement in sustained engagements. Because sniper teams often conduct independent missions and may have to make quick decisions, the team leader has to understand the commander’s intent and have a high level of flexibility in how to accomplish his mission. The commander describes the effect or result he expects and allows the sniper team to select key targets. The commander also designates the sniper to act as an observer of a target or an area rather than task conventional forces to do so. The sniper’s ability to remain undetected for long periods may make this a more practical mission than dedicating other forces to do so. The commander assigns specific types of targets to achieve a desired effect or endstate. The commander assigns specific point targets such as bunkers, checkpoints, or crew-served weapons positions. Enemy 7-71. The DRT commander considers the following in analyzing the threat situation: What are the attributes of the AO? How is the threat organized? What are the threat’s characteristics, including capabilities, limitations, and dispositions? 7-72. The answers to questions like these help the DRT commander to determine the threat’s susceptibility and then to predict the reaction to effective sniper operations. Obviously, a well-rested, well-led, wellsupplied, and aggressive threat with armored protection poses a greater challenge to snipers than one that is poorly led, poorly supplied, lax, and unprotected. Additionally, the commander needs to know if threat snipers are present and effective, since they can pose a significant danger to his operations and his snipers. Terrain And Weather 7-73. The DRT commander evaluates and considers the terrain to and within the sniper’s AO; the time and effort snipers will need to get into position; and the effects of weather on the sniper and his visibility. Snipers prefer positions at least 300 meters from their target area. Operating at this distance allows them to avoid effective fire from enemy rifles, while retaining much of the effective range (800 to 1,000 meters) of the sniper rifle. Snipers need AOs with good observation, fields of fire, and firing positions. Bad weather can conceal their approach to and exit from the target area. <strong>Troop</strong>s And Support Available 7-74. The DRT commander decides how many sniper teams to use depending on their availability, the duration of the operation, expected opposition, the availability of other units to support the insertion and extraction phases, and the number and difficulty of tasks and targets assigned. He also considers assigning 16 November 2010 ATTP 3-20.97 7-19
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ATTP 3-20.97 Dismounted Reconnaissa
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Army Tactics Techniques and Procedu
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Contents Purpose ..................
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Contents Detachments ..............
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Preface This Army Tactics, Techniqu
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Chapter 1 Introduction The dismount
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Introduction mission command and co
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Troop headquarters. 2-HMMWVs, with
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PLATOON SERGEANT Introduction 1-22.
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SUPPLY SERGEANT Introduction 1-30.
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Introduction describing the threats
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Chapter 2 Command and Control The e
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Command and Control resource—comp
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Artillery targets (list and overlay
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Command and Control Uses a listeni
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Command and Control 2-39. Ideally,
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Higher Headquarters Mission and Com
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Command and Control The local popu
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Command and Control mission. Suppor
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TACTICAL TRANSMISSIONS Command and
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Chapter 3 Reconnaissance Operations
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Reconnaissance Operations planning
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Engagement criteria. Guidance on a
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Capabilities Target acquisition.
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Reconnaissance Operations their cap
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Reconnaissance Operations Determin
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CRITICAL TASKS Figure 3-2. Example
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Reconnaissance Operations Major te
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Reconnaissance Operations CRITICAL
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Terrain and weather considerations,
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Reconnaissance Operations squadron/
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Figure 3-8. Example of reconnaissan
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Reconnaissance Operations Nonhosti
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Chapter 4 Security Operations Secur
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Security Operations and allow him t
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Security Operations Fire support p
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Security Operations 4-36. When the
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Security Operations Requirements a
Page 77 and 78: Security Operations First techniqu
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Page 81 and 82: Security Operations effective commu
Page 83 and 84: Security Operations Figure 4-5. Exa
Page 85 and 86: CONVOY SECURITY METHODS Security Op
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 Stability Operations Stab
Page 89 and 90: SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE Stability
Page 91 and 92: Looking at the host and not the int
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 6 Other Tactical Operations
Page 95 and 96: Other Tactical Operations commander
Page 97 and 98: PICK-UP ZONE/LANDING ZONE OPERATION
Page 99 and 100: Other Tactical Operations 6-34. Coo
Page 101 and 102: Other Tactical Operations reconnais
Page 103 and 104: 6-65. Additional planning considera
Page 105 and 106: Other Tactical Operations In a rea
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-2. Rearward passage line O
Page 109 and 110: Other Tactical Operations necessary
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 Augmenting Combat Power C
Page 113 and 114: Augmenting Combat Power Plan, dire
Page 115 and 116: CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting Combat Po
Page 117 and 118: Augmenting Combat Power alignment,
Page 119 and 120: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 121 and 122: AVIATION Augmenting Combat Power T
Page 123 and 124: NIGHT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT OPERATIONS
Page 125 and 126: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Augmenting
Page 127: Table 7-4. Techniques for marking o
Page 131 and 132: Tentative Plan Augmenting Combat Po
Page 133 and 134: Augmenting Combat Power enter an ar
Page 135 and 136: ATTACK/RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS 7-10
Page 137 and 138: Command and Control Augmenting Comb
Page 139 and 140: LIMITATIONS Augmenting Combat Power
Page 141 and 142: Augmenting Combat Power 7-138. Dism
Page 143 and 144: Augmenting Combat Power augments th
Page 145 and 146: Augmenting Combat Power Conducting
Page 147 and 148: DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Augmenti
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8 Sustainment Sustainment f
Page 151 and 152: SQUADRON TRAINS Sustainment 8-15. T
Page 153 and 154: DETACHMENTS Sustainment 8-26. If th
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Page 157 and 158: Coordinate for escort vehicles. Co
Page 159 and 160: EMERGENCY RESUPPLY Figure 8-3. Exam
Page 161 and 162: Sustainment 8-67. In using aerial r
Page 163 and 164: CASUALTY RESPONSE PERSONNEL Sustain
Page 165 and 166: Sustainment two aid stations, coord
Page 167 and 168: Table 8-2. Nine-line air evacuation
Page 169 and 170: Glossary Acronym Definition A ACA a
Page 171 and 172: METT-TC MICO MISO MOPP MRE Glossary
Page 173 and 174: SOURCES USED References These are t
Page 175 and 176: A actions on contact, 3-19, 3-25, 4
Page 177 and 178: in reconnaissance operations, 3-11,
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By order of the Secretary of the Ar
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PIN: 100536-000
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