Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in the Public Works ...

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References. 1. Bonnett, R. K., 1989. "From Grassroots to Grand Plan", Al Expert, 4(8), 54-59. 2. Bowlin, D.J., 1991. "Pilot Projects: Tools for Implementation", Construction Industry Institute Special Publication, November. 3. Cleveland, A.B., 1991. "Automation and People", Jacobus Technology Perspective, Vol.1, No. 4, November/December, pp. 1-8. 4. De La Garza, J. M., and Mitropoulos, P., 1991. "Technology Transfer (T 2 ) Model for Expert Systems". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 117(4), pp. 736-755. 5. De La Garza, J. M., and Mitropoulos, P., 1992. "Flavors and Mixins of an Expert Systems Technology Transfer Model for the Architecture-Engineering-Construction Industry". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, September. 6. Feigenbaum, E., Nii, H. and McCorduck, P., 1988. "The Rise of The Expert Company", New York Times Company, New York, N.Y. 7. Hansen, K.L., and Tatum, C.B., 1989. "Technology and strategic management in construction." J. Mgmt. Engrg., ASCE, 5(1), 67-83. 8. Helton, T., 1990. "Al Diffusion: Getting Your Company Involved", AI Expert, 5(3), 54-59. 9. Hester, T., 1991. FMC Corporation, Personal Communications, January. 10. Mahler, E., 1991. E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Personal Communications, January. 11. Mahler, E. and Meador, C.L., 1989. Executive Briefing: Implementation Strategies for Expert Systems, Decision Support Technology, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, April. 12. Matsuda, M., 1991. Kajima Corporation of Japan, Personal Communications, January. 13. Moorhead, G., and Griffin, R. W., 1989. Organizational Behavior, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA. 14. Rogers, E. M., 1983. Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press, New York, N.Y. 15. Shaffer, L. R., 1985. Product/System Development for Military Facilities, from the Briefing in High Technology Test Bed Concept, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois. 16. Stretton, A., 1991. Lend Lease Corporation of Australia, Personal Communications, January. 17. Tatum, C:B., 1986. "Demands and means for construction innovation." Proc. Technical Session: Construction Innovation, Demands, Successes and Lessons, ASCE, 31-43. 18. Tatum, C.B., 1987. "Process of Innovation in Construction Firm." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 113(4), 648-663. 19. Tatum, C.B., and Funke, A.T., 1988. "Partially automated grading: Construction process innovation." J. Constr. Engrg. Mgmt., ASCE, 114(1), 19-35. 20. Tatum, C.B., 1989a. "Managing for increased design and construction innovation." J. Mgmt. Engrg., ASCE, 5(4), 385-399. 21. Tatum, C.B., 1989b. "Organizing to increase innovation in construction firms." J. Constr. Engrg. Mgmt., ASCE, 115(4), 602-617. 165
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: FINANCING CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH THE CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE Michael B. Goldstein** The traditional models for the improvement of public infrastructure depend upon a few sources of capital. By far the largest portion has come directly from the public fisc, most commonly in the form of debt amortized out of tax revenues. Next in importance is public debt financing where the revenues generated by the facility amortize the debt. Finally, there is the commercially-financed facility that is leased for public use: that is, the capital cost is amortized through lease payments out of current revenue sources, either tax levy or revenues generated through the use of the facility. In recent years, two opposing trends have resulted in a rapidly growing backlog of infrastructure improvements. On the one hand, local, state and federal debt burdens have grown to a point where the carrying costs represent a significant portion of the current-fund budget. In the case of state and local governments, statutory or constitutional debt limits have been reached or approached, while in the case of the federal government, the magnitude of public debt is seen as jeopardizing the stability of the economy. At the same time, an aging infrastructure, large portions of which were constructed during two boom periods -- 1930s and early 40s and again in the 1960s -- is in need of massive repair and replacement. The alternative of revenue-driven financing is appears to be available for only a minority of projects. A highway can generate significant revenues through the imposition of tolls, a dormitory can create rental income and a dam can result in the generation of saleable electric energy. If the revenue stream is sufficiently deep and predictable, such projects can be financed. But absent such sure revenue generators, financing alternatives are more limited: most needed projects appear not to hold a prospect of immediate revenues sufficient to pay back a short term advance let along maintain a reasonable amortization schedule. In the search for financing alternatives, governments and quasi-governmental entities (such as universities, which for the purpose of this analysis will be considered quasi-governmental since they fulfill a public purpose and receive public support) have sought to capture the value added of newly created knowledge. This "intellectual property," whether in the form of a breakthrough in molecular biology or a new design for a snow plow blade, has a monetary value in the marketplace. Yet that value has historically been underutilized as an institutional financing vehicle. "Portions of this paper have been published by the National Association of University Attorneys and the National Association of College and University Business Officers. "'Partner, Dow, Lohnes and Albertson, Washington, D.C. 167
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.. . AD-A281 083 ' US-m op fEomsA -
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CEWRC-IWR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CO
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN
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WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
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growing threat from major fires, an
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- provide the highest technological
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SEARCHING FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
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Because of the large investment emb
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Finally, the substantial public wor
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COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PERFO
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0 Infrastructure innovation will su
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REFERENCES Balzhiser, R. E. 1989. M
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highways based on this total govern
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important aspect of a nations infra
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Universities Universities face chal
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Table 3. Federal, State & Local - f
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C 0 > Ep - LII> 6- 322 El
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INTRODUCTIO Stone & Webster Enginee
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correct. Conduit is not usually mod
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the duct section. The design of the
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mechanical and structural design. T
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its| ISOC [ FAN OUTLET TO STACK BRE
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Figure 4. Construction Sequence Mod
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ma
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu 2.
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu "*
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ex
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-V Lu Di
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu de
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Arthur BasiWn and Stephen C-Y Lu To
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Th
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu co
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu b-
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu (1
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Arthur B"sWin and Stephen C-Y Lu (3
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But SHRP's success further undersco
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For all this new Research Activity,
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Technological Advances and Public W
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limits of existing technologies and
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through the formulation of visions
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proposed that it develop a soil com
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of each side, the time for completi
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compensation structure that not onl
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PSOCIETAL NEEDI ICONCEPT DEVELOPM:E
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JAPAN U.S.A. * REASONS FOR RESEARCH
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U.S. PRESSS PROGRAM Executive IwU.
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1. Information is lacking or scarce
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exist, offer explanations of these
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WORKSHOP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI
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Table 1, Ranking of Agencies or Gro
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From the overall study, three gener
Page 113 and 114: 3. INTRODUCTION The Nation's infras
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Page 118 and 119: abound to the point where I have op
Page 120 and 121: Is the bottom line that the first b
Page 122 and 123: SUPPLY DEMAND Provider of Public Wo
Page 124 and 125: The GFRC has assisted other federal
Page 126 and 127: Financial Sources - - The Intergove
Page 128 and 129: constraint upon state and local gov
Page 130 and 131: To understand the implications of t
Page 132 and 133: Intergovernmental Sources of Fundin
Page 134 and 135: Tremendous differences exist among
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Page 140 and 141: Table I Sources of Funds for State
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Page 144 and 145: equirements of construction; those
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Page 148 and 149: allocate known risks among themselv
Page 150 and 151: outine infrastructure project fully
Page 152 and 153: Innovation and Technology Transfer
Page 154 and 155: Technology Transfer Plan for Each P
Page 156 and 157: The ATLSS Integrated Buildings Syst
Page 158 and 159: Technology Transfer (T) as a Work-P
Page 160 and 161: In the end, one may find that there
Page 162 and 163: different evolutionary stages. Each
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Page 168 and 169: of loss does exist. Conversely, in
Page 170 and 171: B. LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF NEGLIGE
Page 172 and 173: (or a commercialization entity unde
Page 174 and 175: to properly manage and structure it
Page 176 and 177: While express disclaimers of warran
Page 178 and 179: Each question bears on the degree t
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Page 182 and 183: 2. Licensing of Discoveries Through
Page 184 and 185: To a substantial degree, the partic
Page 186 and 187: Institutional risk control: High. I
Page 188 and 189: Implementation Innovation Through T
Page 190 and 191: evealing. When categorized into eig
Page 192 and 193: egin development in Fall of '92. Th
Page 194 and 195: Mission Implemrentation of Innovati
Page 196 and 197: Sampling of Products Active Task Fo
Page 198 and 199: Typical Company Product Catalog c P
Page 200 and 201: Cil Education Program Pilot Short C
Page 202 and 203: 10 May 1992 Technology Transfer and
Page 204 and 205: The risk in trying something new ma
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Page 208 and 209: development effort. Developing inno
Page 210 and 211: among potential users, 2) provide i
Page 212 and 213: Jeffrey J. Walaszek USACERL, Public
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"O&M Chiefs" fto,, Page i meeting o
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Technical Reports - Videos, cont'd
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Fort Harrison Expects Quick Payback
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Test Water Quality at Minimal Cost
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Noise Monitor Helps Installations R
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Trenchless Pipe Replacement PIM: Th
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PRR-4 Geotextile Applications PRR-1
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After addressing these initial matt
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Concluding thoughts The chairman as
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The APWA has been very successful i
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challenge these constraints for jus
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Group C: Enhancing Technology Trans
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A national catalyst must not be a b
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WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday March 3. 19
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Summary of Session C & Group Discus
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infrastructure. He also asserts tha
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alternatives available for funding
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES APPENDIX C Ar
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Publications include: "The Manageme
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concrete beams. From the American C
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William D. Michalerya William Micha
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Mr. Schilling graduated in 1963 as
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Dr. Walton has been involved in res
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1p Pubkc
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