Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in the Public Works ...

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alternatives available for funding of public works projects, such as debt financing, own-source revenues, and public-private partnerships. However, there are also barriers that interfere with local government access to these alternatives. Mays discusses barriers like constitutional and regulatory constraints, political pressures, etc. Size and Type of Infrastructure Projects and Facilities "Performance Challenges to Infrastructure Design: Enhancing the Role of Innovation in Public Works," by J.P. Eberhard Eberhard claims that the present infrastructure is the result of innovations developed more than a century ago (i.e., telephone, elevator, steel structural systems, indoor plumbing. sewers, automobile, etc.). He asserts that infrastructure innovations can be promoted by describing the functional performance demands for infrastructure systems. This description is void of any specific solutions: (1) a means of movement for persons and goods, with horizontal and vertical components, (2) a means for communicating between persons and between organizations, (3) a "metabolic" process providing energy, materials, and disposal of waste,-., and (4) a shelter for protection and for providing space. Education, Research, and Technology Transfer "Issues in Technology Transfer: Sharing Experience Between Manufacturing and Construction," by A. Baskin and S. Lu Baskin and Lu share their experience in technology transfer for manufacturing support, applicable to construction of infrastructure facilities. They see as obstacles to innovation the fragmentation of the design-construct process, the presence of risk, and the lack of reward for innovators. One of the recommendations is to develop a more integrated approach for facility design and construction that eliminates the antagonistic relationship motivated by the present fragmented approach. They also indicate the potential value of innovative information systems to help in this integration, but caution about information systems that are incompatible with the user's way of doing things. They describe in detail their work in concurrent engineering to support integration of the design-manufacturing process. "Technology Transfer as a Work-Practice Change Process," by J.M. De La Garza De la Garza examines technology transfer as the procedure through which an organization adopts and implements innovations. Technology transfer implies change, and opposition to change is always to be expected (fear of change, reduced job performance during implementation, etc.). To promote the transfer and adoption of innovations within an organization, De La Garza recommends, based on his analysis and on his survey of relevant work by others: top management commitment; active change agents; active technology gatekeepers; and a technology transfer task force within the organization. De La Garza illustrates some of the key points with the transfer of computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) technology into the construction industry. "Financing Capital Improvements Through Technology Transfer Public-Private Collaboration in Research Commercialization," by M.B. Goldstein Goldstein proposes strategies to perform technology transfer so research institutions can reduce their risks. He also proposes using the value of knowledge (in the form of innovations) as a possible source 252
of revenue to help finance the solution of infrastructure needs. His premise is that through commercialization of innovations revenue can be raised by research institutions. Goldstein lists three main alternatives for technology transfer of innovations into the marketplace: commercialization entities, start-up companies, and joint ventures (research institution/private company). He discusses the issue of risk associated with technology transfer. Risk originates by the possibility of occurrence of three major scenarios: economic loss, breach of contract, or harm by a defective innovative product. Goldstein suggests several avenues to control the risk associated with technology transfer based on risk analysis and minimization. "Technology Transfer and Marketing: Army-Style," by J. Walaszek Walaszek reviews some of the barriers to the adoption of innovations, categorized in three major classes: ineffective communications, human resistance to change, and organizational and industry constraints. He describes the solution to these barriers within the Army R&D and user community. The solution consists of a technology transfer process as described in Volume 1, Chapter 3. He emphasizes the importance of gathering user input and having user involvement throughout the different phases of the technology transfer process. This guarantees that the R&D products conveniently address the user needs, and that they fit within the operational constraints of the user's environment. "An Example of Successful Innovation: Three-Dimensional Graphics on Construction Projects," by R. Zabilski Zabilski describes the successful transfer and implementation of innovative computer-based graphical techniques for the planning and management of construction projects. The mentioned innovation allows engineers to visualize designed components, in place, long before actual construction. This makes for more effective planning and cost estimating of the facilities. The described tools also allow for improved construction control and delivery of as-built information to the owner/operator of the facility. From a general perspective, this paper restates the importance of innovative information systems as aids for the design, construction, operation, and management of facilities. 253
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.. . AD-A281 083 ' US-m op fEomsA -
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CEWRC-IWR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CO
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN
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WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
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growing threat from major fires, an
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- provide the highest technological
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SEARCHING FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
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Because of the large investment emb
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Finally, the substantial public wor
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COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PERFO
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0 Infrastructure innovation will su
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REFERENCES Balzhiser, R. E. 1989. M
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highways based on this total govern
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important aspect of a nations infra
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Universities Universities face chal
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Table 3. Federal, State & Local - f
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C 0 > Ep - LII> 6- 322 El
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INTRODUCTIO Stone & Webster Enginee
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correct. Conduit is not usually mod
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the duct section. The design of the
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mechanical and structural design. T
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its| ISOC [ FAN OUTLET TO STACK BRE
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Figure 4. Construction Sequence Mod
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ma
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu 2.
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu "*
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ex
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-V Lu Di
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu de
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Arthur BasiWn and Stephen C-Y Lu To
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Th
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu co
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu b-
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu (1
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Arthur B"sWin and Stephen C-Y Lu (3
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But SHRP's success further undersco
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For all this new Research Activity,
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Technological Advances and Public W
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limits of existing technologies and
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through the formulation of visions
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proposed that it develop a soil com
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of each side, the time for completi
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compensation structure that not onl
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PSOCIETAL NEEDI ICONCEPT DEVELOPM:E
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JAPAN U.S.A. * REASONS FOR RESEARCH
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U.S. PRESSS PROGRAM Executive IwU.
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1. Information is lacking or scarce
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exist, offer explanations of these
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WORKSHOP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI
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Table 1, Ranking of Agencies or Gro
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From the overall study, three gener
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3. INTRODUCTION The Nation's infras
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A group of recognized experts on is
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abound to the point where I have op
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Is the bottom line that the first b
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SUPPLY DEMAND Provider of Public Wo
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The GFRC has assisted other federal
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Financial Sources - - The Intergove
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constraint upon state and local gov
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To understand the implications of t
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Intergovernmental Sources of Fundin
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Tremendous differences exist among
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funds, these have the effect of low
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population growth over the last thr
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Table I Sources of Funds for State
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0000 ' O C 00 - ' Ir . c - q - . '0
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equirements of construction; those
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in the birth of engineering as the
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allocate known risks among themselv
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outine infrastructure project fully
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Innovation and Technology Transfer
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Technology Transfer Plan for Each P
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The ATLSS Integrated Buildings Syst
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Technology Transfer (T) as a Work-P
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In the end, one may find that there
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different evolutionary stages. Each
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References. 1. Bonnett, R. K., 1989
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The typical approach for the captur
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of loss does exist. Conversely, in
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B. LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF NEGLIGE
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(or a commercialization entity unde
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to properly manage and structure it
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While express disclaimers of warran
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Each question bears on the degree t
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ights to the discovery, indemnify t
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2. Licensing of Discoveries Through
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To a substantial degree, the partic
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Institutional risk control: High. I
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Implementation Innovation Through T
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evealing. When categorized into eig
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egin development in Fall of '92. Th
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Mission Implemrentation of Innovati
Page 196 and 197: Sampling of Products Active Task Fo
Page 198 and 199: Typical Company Product Catalog c P
Page 200 and 201: Cil Education Program Pilot Short C
Page 202 and 203: 10 May 1992 Technology Transfer and
Page 204 and 205: The risk in trying something new ma
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Page 208 and 209: development effort. Developing inno
Page 210 and 211: among potential users, 2) provide i
Page 212 and 213: Jeffrey J. Walaszek USACERL, Public
Page 214 and 215: "O&M Chiefs" fto,, Page i meeting o
Page 216 and 217: Technical Reports - Videos, cont'd
Page 218 and 219: Fort Harrison Expects Quick Payback
Page 220 and 221: Test Water Quality at Minimal Cost
Page 222 and 223: Noise Monitor Helps Installations R
Page 224 and 225: Trenchless Pipe Replacement PIM: Th
Page 226 and 227: PRR-4 Geotextile Applications PRR-1
Page 228 and 229: After addressing these initial matt
Page 230 and 231: Concluding thoughts The chairman as
Page 232 and 233: The APWA has been very successful i
Page 234 and 235: challenge these constraints for jus
Page 236 and 237: Group C: Enhancing Technology Trans
Page 238 and 239: A national catalyst must not be a b
Page 240 and 241: WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday March 3. 19
Page 242 and 243: Summary of Session C & Group Discus
Page 244 and 245: infrastructure. He also asserts tha
Page 248 and 249: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES APPENDIX C Ar
Page 250 and 251: Publications include: "The Manageme
Page 252 and 253: concrete beams. From the American C
Page 254 and 255: William D. Michalerya William Micha
Page 256 and 257: Mr. Schilling graduated in 1963 as
Page 258 and 259: Dr. Walton has been involved in res
Page 260 and 261: REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1p Pubkc
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