Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in the Public Works ...

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Sharing Experience Between Manufacturing and Construction 5.5 Three Fundamental Requirements Among the above 16 functional requirements of concurrent engineering tools, three are most fundamental (12,18) to software development as indicated by the axes of Figure 6. The X axis represents "perspectives" which refer to different life-cycle concerns such as function, structure, manufacturing, and maintenance. On the Y axis, "stages" indicate the current stage of decisionmaking activities, ranging from the early stage of conceptualization to the final stage of detailed analyses and production. The Z axis represents "participants" and refers to the number of engineers required for developing a competitive product. It is interesting to note that most conventional, computer-aided engineering tools available to date only support a single perspective, are biased toward a particular stage, and are only suitable for an individual user. These tools are represented as a single point at [0,0,01 in Figure 6. In contrast, computer tools for concurrent engineering must ideally be able to incorporate multiple perspectives, support multiple stages, and work with multiple participants. They are represented by the volume of the [1,1,1] cube in Figure 6. Basic research efforts are needed to extend current computer-aided automation technologies from zero-dimension (a single point at [0,0,0]) to three-dimension (the volume of [1,1,1] cube) to support concurrent product development (19). 6. Some Recent Results There are many different approaches available for developing concurrent engineering computer tools. Good examples are the Taguchi method (20) and the Axiomatic design principle which have been explored as ways to support design and manufacturing integration (21). In fact, since concurrent engineering is a system-level problem, any approach that can improve on system solutions is useful. In this section, we will introduce some recent results from an extended Albased approach, called the Knowledge Processing Technology (KPT). 6.1 The Basic Concept of Knowledge Processing The need for developing computer tools that can handle multiple perspectives, stages, and participants calls for a new automation foundation beyond the current foundation which is based on the data processing technology (DPT). We developed KPT as a new foundation which allowed us to build computer tools that could manipulate higher level information contents than what was possible with DPT. In a generic sense, KPT can be defined as a logical set of software techniques, from both Al research and traditional engineering methods, that can increase the utility of engineering knowledge to support complex decision making tasks (22). An important concept of KPT is the distinction between data and knowledge. Both knowledge and data are problem-solving information with different representations and utilities. Knowledge represents the structure, meaning, usage, justifications, interpretations, and other high-level concepts of data. In contrast to data, knowledge is more flexible, comprehensible, and can be dynamically inferenced (rather than statically retrieved). While data keeps records of past events, knowledge lies within the models that give proper meaning to data for future applications. Due to the above differences, processing data is sufficient for interfacing of mass-production automation tasks while processing knowledge is required for integration of highly flexible production systems. Interfacing and integration differ in the method and degree by which 63
Arthur BasiWn and Stephen C-Y Lu Tool Requirements for Concurrent Engineering Computer tools that are useful for cooperative team support in concurrent engineering must have the following characteristics: (Z) W0'multiplc mlm Participants multiple Stages 0 :current automation technology (Y) o :concurrent engr. requirements I I-- I- II I s singlc ,il I , j ..- (X) PcrspcCtivcs I [0,0,0 . multiple The ability of modeling engineering know-how, know-why, and knowwhat intelligence by KPT makes the development of these computer tools possible. Figure 6. Three Fundamental Requirements for Concurrent Engineering Tools 64
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CEWRC-IWR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CO
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN
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WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
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growing threat from major fires, an
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- provide the highest technological
Page 15 and 16: SEARCHING FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
Page 17 and 18: Because of the large investment emb
Page 19 and 20: Finally, the substantial public wor
Page 21 and 22: COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PERFO
Page 23 and 24: 0 Infrastructure innovation will su
Page 25 and 26: REFERENCES Balzhiser, R. E. 1989. M
Page 27 and 28: highways based on this total govern
Page 29 and 30: important aspect of a nations infra
Page 31 and 32: Universities Universities face chal
Page 33 and 34: Table 3. Federal, State & Local - f
Page 35 and 36: C 0 > Ep - LII> 6- 322 El
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTIO Stone & Webster Enginee
Page 39 and 40: correct. Conduit is not usually mod
Page 41 and 42: the duct section. The design of the
Page 43 and 44: mechanical and structural design. T
Page 45 and 46: its| ISOC [ FAN OUTLET TO STACK BRE
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4. Construction Sequence Mod
Page 49 and 50: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ma
Page 51 and 52: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu 2.
Page 55 and 56: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu "*
Page 57 and 58: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ex
Page 59 and 60: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-V Lu Di
Page 63 and 64: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu de
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Page 71 and 72: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu co
Page 73 and 74: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu b-
Page 77 and 78: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu (1
Page 79 and 80: Arthur B"sWin and Stephen C-Y Lu (3
Page 81 and 82: But SHRP's success further undersco
Page 83 and 84: For all this new Research Activity,
Page 85 and 86: Technological Advances and Public W
Page 87 and 88: limits of existing technologies and
Page 89 and 90: through the formulation of visions
Page 91 and 92: proposed that it develop a soil com
Page 93 and 94: of each side, the time for completi
Page 95 and 96: compensation structure that not onl
Page 97 and 98: PSOCIETAL NEEDI ICONCEPT DEVELOPM:E
Page 99 and 100: JAPAN U.S.A. * REASONS FOR RESEARCH
Page 101 and 102: U.S. PRESSS PROGRAM Executive IwU.
Page 103 and 104: 1. Information is lacking or scarce
Page 105 and 106: exist, offer explanations of these
Page 107 and 108: WORKSHOP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI
Page 109 and 110: Table 1, Ranking of Agencies or Gro
Page 111 and 112: From the overall study, three gener
Page 113 and 114: 3. INTRODUCTION The Nation's infras
Page 115: A group of recognized experts on is
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abound to the point where I have op
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Is the bottom line that the first b
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SUPPLY DEMAND Provider of Public Wo
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The GFRC has assisted other federal
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Financial Sources - - The Intergove
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constraint upon state and local gov
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To understand the implications of t
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Intergovernmental Sources of Fundin
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Tremendous differences exist among
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funds, these have the effect of low
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population growth over the last thr
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Table I Sources of Funds for State
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0000 ' O C 00 - ' Ir . c - q - . '0
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equirements of construction; those
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in the birth of engineering as the
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allocate known risks among themselv
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outine infrastructure project fully
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Innovation and Technology Transfer
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Technology Transfer Plan for Each P
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The ATLSS Integrated Buildings Syst
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Technology Transfer (T) as a Work-P
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In the end, one may find that there
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different evolutionary stages. Each
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References. 1. Bonnett, R. K., 1989
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The typical approach for the captur
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of loss does exist. Conversely, in
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B. LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF NEGLIGE
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(or a commercialization entity unde
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to properly manage and structure it
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While express disclaimers of warran
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Each question bears on the degree t
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ights to the discovery, indemnify t
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2. Licensing of Discoveries Through
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To a substantial degree, the partic
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Institutional risk control: High. I
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Implementation Innovation Through T
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evealing. When categorized into eig
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egin development in Fall of '92. Th
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Mission Implemrentation of Innovati
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Sampling of Products Active Task Fo
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Typical Company Product Catalog c P
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Cil Education Program Pilot Short C
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10 May 1992 Technology Transfer and
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The risk in trying something new ma
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existence of the technology, its ap
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development effort. Developing inno
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among potential users, 2) provide i
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Jeffrey J. Walaszek USACERL, Public
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"O&M Chiefs" fto,, Page i meeting o
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Technical Reports - Videos, cont'd
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Fort Harrison Expects Quick Payback
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Test Water Quality at Minimal Cost
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Noise Monitor Helps Installations R
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Trenchless Pipe Replacement PIM: Th
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PRR-4 Geotextile Applications PRR-1
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After addressing these initial matt
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Concluding thoughts The chairman as
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The APWA has been very successful i
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challenge these constraints for jus
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Group C: Enhancing Technology Trans
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A national catalyst must not be a b
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WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday March 3. 19
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Summary of Session C & Group Discus
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infrastructure. He also asserts tha
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alternatives available for funding
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES APPENDIX C Ar
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Publications include: "The Manageme
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concrete beams. From the American C
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William D. Michalerya William Micha
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Mr. Schilling graduated in 1963 as
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Dr. Walton has been involved in res
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1p Pubkc
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