Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in the Public Works ...

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Institutional risk control: High. Institutional exposure to fiduciary liability: Low to moderate for the institution; very high for the related entity. Institutional exposure to product liability: Low to moderate for the institution; high for the related entity. 3. Commercialization through spin-off companies controlled by an entity related to the Institution. Finally, there is the model of a related entity controlled by the agency or institution that does not engage in commercial activity itself but rather licenses the rights to a discovery to a spin-off company that is then capitalized and, usually as a joint venture with a commercial partner, brings the discovery into the stream of commerce. Typically, when the discovery is successfully commercialized, the spin-off company is sold to the commercial partner, with the institution (through its related entity) receiving the capital appreciation. There are many models for this type of enterprise which may use joint ventures, various corporate forms and limited partnerships to accomplish their purposes. The institution may own a major share of the equity of the spin-off, either directly or through an intermediary, although as the commercialization process progresses the institution's interest in the spin-off may decline. The relative degree of institutional ownership may sicnificantly affect the exposure of the institution. This approach has the following attributes: Value for capital formation:Very high. Commercialization flexibility: Very high. Benefit to the institution: Very high. Benefit to the investigator: Varies, but usually high. Administrative burden: Low to the institution; high to very high for the related intermediary entity. Institutional risk control: High. Institutional exposure to fiduciary liability: Low to moderate for the institution; moderate for the intermediary entity. Institutional exposure to product liability: Low for the institution; moderate for the intermediary entity. 188
Note that while the spin-off entity may be a joint venture or have outside investment, that need not be the case. There are a number of examples of the entities being wholly owned by the agency or institution or its intermediary (or a combination thereof), with the whole of the earnings going back to the institution and with management vesting with the institution. To the extent the spin-off entity appears entirely controlled by the institution, the attributes are altered as follows: entity. Value for capital formation:High. Commercialization flexibility: Very high. Benefit to the institution: Very high. Benefit to the investigator: Varies, but usually high. Administrative burden: Low to moderate to the institution but high to the related Institutional risk control: High. Institutional exposure to fiduciary liability: Moderate to very high. Institutional exposure to product liability: Moderate to very high. VI. CONCLUSION Involvement in the transfer of technology through the commercialization of discoveries is becoming an inescapable fact of life for an increasing number of agencies and institutions. Such a process can not only accelerate the dispersion of discoveries into the stream of commerce, but also afford organizations a new medium for the formation of capital necessary for the replacement and expansion of its infrastructure. These ends can only be accomplished through an understanding of the available structures, their attendant risks and the management of those risks. Through aggressive internal organization, the use of loss shifting techniques and the creation of appropriate structures, some risks can be eliminated entirely and others can be reduced to manageable levels. None need be seen as so threatening as to preclude the involvement of an agency or institution in the process of moving discoveries from the laboratory into the stream of commerce. 189
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.. . AD-A281 083 ' US-m op fEomsA -
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CEWRC-IWR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CO
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN
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WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
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growing threat from major fires, an
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- provide the highest technological
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SEARCHING FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
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Because of the large investment emb
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Finally, the substantial public wor
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COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PERFO
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0 Infrastructure innovation will su
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REFERENCES Balzhiser, R. E. 1989. M
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highways based on this total govern
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important aspect of a nations infra
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Universities Universities face chal
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Table 3. Federal, State & Local - f
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C 0 > Ep - LII> 6- 322 El
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INTRODUCTIO Stone & Webster Enginee
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correct. Conduit is not usually mod
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the duct section. The design of the
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mechanical and structural design. T
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its| ISOC [ FAN OUTLET TO STACK BRE
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Figure 4. Construction Sequence Mod
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ma
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu 2.
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu "*
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ex
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-V Lu Di
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu de
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Arthur BasiWn and Stephen C-Y Lu To
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Th
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu co
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu b-
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Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu (1
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Arthur B"sWin and Stephen C-Y Lu (3
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But SHRP's success further undersco
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For all this new Research Activity,
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Technological Advances and Public W
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limits of existing technologies and
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through the formulation of visions
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proposed that it develop a soil com
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of each side, the time for completi
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compensation structure that not onl
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PSOCIETAL NEEDI ICONCEPT DEVELOPM:E
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JAPAN U.S.A. * REASONS FOR RESEARCH
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U.S. PRESSS PROGRAM Executive IwU.
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1. Information is lacking or scarce
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exist, offer explanations of these
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WORKSHOP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI
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Table 1, Ranking of Agencies or Gro
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From the overall study, three gener
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3. INTRODUCTION The Nation's infras
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A group of recognized experts on is
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abound to the point where I have op
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Is the bottom line that the first b
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SUPPLY DEMAND Provider of Public Wo
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The GFRC has assisted other federal
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Financial Sources - - The Intergove
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constraint upon state and local gov
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To understand the implications of t
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Intergovernmental Sources of Fundin
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Tremendous differences exist among
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Page 140 and 141: Table I Sources of Funds for State
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Page 144 and 145: equirements of construction; those
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Page 148 and 149: allocate known risks among themselv
Page 150 and 151: outine infrastructure project fully
Page 152 and 153: Innovation and Technology Transfer
Page 154 and 155: Technology Transfer Plan for Each P
Page 156 and 157: The ATLSS Integrated Buildings Syst
Page 158 and 159: Technology Transfer (T) as a Work-P
Page 160 and 161: In the end, one may find that there
Page 162 and 163: different evolutionary stages. Each
Page 164 and 165: References. 1. Bonnett, R. K., 1989
Page 166 and 167: The typical approach for the captur
Page 168 and 169: of loss does exist. Conversely, in
Page 170 and 171: B. LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF NEGLIGE
Page 172 and 173: (or a commercialization entity unde
Page 174 and 175: to properly manage and structure it
Page 176 and 177: While express disclaimers of warran
Page 178 and 179: Each question bears on the degree t
Page 180 and 181: ights to the discovery, indemnify t
Page 182 and 183: 2. Licensing of Discoveries Through
Page 184 and 185: To a substantial degree, the partic
Page 188 and 189: Implementation Innovation Through T
Page 190 and 191: evealing. When categorized into eig
Page 192 and 193: egin development in Fall of '92. Th
Page 194 and 195: Mission Implemrentation of Innovati
Page 196 and 197: Sampling of Products Active Task Fo
Page 198 and 199: Typical Company Product Catalog c P
Page 200 and 201: Cil Education Program Pilot Short C
Page 202 and 203: 10 May 1992 Technology Transfer and
Page 204 and 205: The risk in trying something new ma
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Page 208 and 209: development effort. Developing inno
Page 210 and 211: among potential users, 2) provide i
Page 212 and 213: Jeffrey J. Walaszek USACERL, Public
Page 214 and 215: "O&M Chiefs" fto,, Page i meeting o
Page 216 and 217: Technical Reports - Videos, cont'd
Page 218 and 219: Fort Harrison Expects Quick Payback
Page 220 and 221: Test Water Quality at Minimal Cost
Page 222 and 223: Noise Monitor Helps Installations R
Page 224 and 225: Trenchless Pipe Replacement PIM: Th
Page 226 and 227: PRR-4 Geotextile Applications PRR-1
Page 228 and 229: After addressing these initial matt
Page 230 and 231: Concluding thoughts The chairman as
Page 232 and 233: The APWA has been very successful i
Page 234 and 235: challenge these constraints for jus
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Group C: Enhancing Technology Trans
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A national catalyst must not be a b
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WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday March 3. 19
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Summary of Session C & Group Discus
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infrastructure. He also asserts tha
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alternatives available for funding
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES APPENDIX C Ar
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Publications include: "The Manageme
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concrete beams. From the American C
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William D. Michalerya William Micha
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Mr. Schilling graduated in 1963 as
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Dr. Walton has been involved in res
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1p Pubkc
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