Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in the Public Works ...

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Technological Advances and Public Works: A Synergistic or Antagonistic Relationship Neil M. Hawkins, Professor and Head Department of Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ABSTRACT Barriers to the use of public works as a vehicle for making technical advances are discussed with particular emphasis on identification of the policy issues that must be addressed in order to make such implementation a synergistic rather than an antagonistic relationship. The political process systematically introduces societal factors into the formulation of policies for the creation of public works. But as more people and organizations become involved in translating those policies into realities the issues that must be addressed become increasingly technical and recognition of the importance of societal factors in the process diminishes. Societal considerations are supplanted by permitting processes with gatekeepers, and prescriptive codes and standards with rigid interpreters. Ostensibly the aim of those gatekeepers and interpreters is to achieve a quality product but in actuality the result is a stifling of innovation and the creation of adversarial relationships. Continued commitment to societal rather than individual goals, with the gatekeepers and interpreters converted to leaders, is essential to the nurturing of innovation in public works. The need for government, private industry, and academia partnerships for the development of an effective construction technology advancement program is demonstrated by comparing similar construction technology advancement programs in Japan and the U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The ability to utilize public works as a vehicle for making technological advances is closely linked to both the policy makers', and the experts', experience with such a process. Such experience is almost totally lacking in the public works sector in this country. Contracting and permitting practices, ostensibly established in the public's best interests to hold down costs and insure a quality product, mitigate against technological advances during public works. Existing processes frequently penalize innovation and create adversarial relationships. By contrast, in the public works sector in Japan, and for military procurement purposes in this country, there has long been a practice of successfully using key projects as a vehicle for technological advances. Not every project is used in this manner. Usually only "visionary" or high risk projects are used and even then the extent of innovation attempted and who pays for the cost of that attempt, varies from project to project through mutual agreement of all parti2ipating parties. This paper stresses the need for public policy visions to orchestrate our actions. Societal, technological and administrative considerations resulting from examination of that vision should guide the type of research that is conducted, the technology for which proof of concept is sought, the public policies that are implemented. To illustrate the views expressed in this paper, Japanese government policies used to guide the practices of the 83
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.. . AD-A281 083 ' US-m op fEomsA -
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CEWRC-IWR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CO
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN
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WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
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growing threat from major fires, an
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- provide the highest technological
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SEARCHING FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
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Because of the large investment emb
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Finally, the substantial public wor
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COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PERFO
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0 Infrastructure innovation will su
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REFERENCES Balzhiser, R. E. 1989. M
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highways based on this total govern
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important aspect of a nations infra
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Universities Universities face chal
Page 33 and 34: Table 3. Federal, State & Local - f
Page 35 and 36: C 0 > Ep - LII> 6- 322 El
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTIO Stone & Webster Enginee
Page 39 and 40: correct. Conduit is not usually mod
Page 41 and 42: the duct section. The design of the
Page 43 and 44: mechanical and structural design. T
Page 45 and 46: its| ISOC [ FAN OUTLET TO STACK BRE
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4. Construction Sequence Mod
Page 49 and 50: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ma
Page 51 and 52: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu 2.
Page 55 and 56: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu "*
Page 57 and 58: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ex
Page 59 and 60: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-V Lu Di
Page 63 and 64: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu de
Page 67 and 68: Arthur BasiWn and Stephen C-Y Lu To
Page 69 and 70: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Th
Page 71 and 72: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu co
Page 73 and 74: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu b-
Page 77 and 78: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu (1
Page 79 and 80: Arthur B"sWin and Stephen C-Y Lu (3
Page 81 and 82: But SHRP's success further undersco
Page 83: For all this new Research Activity,
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Page 89 and 90: through the formulation of visions
Page 91 and 92: proposed that it develop a soil com
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Page 97 and 98: PSOCIETAL NEEDI ICONCEPT DEVELOPM:E
Page 99 and 100: JAPAN U.S.A. * REASONS FOR RESEARCH
Page 101 and 102: U.S. PRESSS PROGRAM Executive IwU.
Page 103 and 104: 1. Information is lacking or scarce
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Page 107 and 108: WORKSHOP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI
Page 109 and 110: Table 1, Ranking of Agencies or Gro
Page 111 and 112: From the overall study, three gener
Page 113 and 114: 3. INTRODUCTION The Nation's infras
Page 115: A group of recognized experts on is
Page 118 and 119: abound to the point where I have op
Page 120 and 121: Is the bottom line that the first b
Page 122 and 123: SUPPLY DEMAND Provider of Public Wo
Page 124 and 125: The GFRC has assisted other federal
Page 126 and 127: Financial Sources - - The Intergove
Page 128 and 129: constraint upon state and local gov
Page 130 and 131: To understand the implications of t
Page 132 and 133: Intergovernmental Sources of Fundin
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Tremendous differences exist among
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funds, these have the effect of low
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population growth over the last thr
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Table I Sources of Funds for State
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0000 ' O C 00 - ' Ir . c - q - . '0
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equirements of construction; those
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in the birth of engineering as the
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allocate known risks among themselv
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outine infrastructure project fully
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Innovation and Technology Transfer
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Technology Transfer Plan for Each P
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The ATLSS Integrated Buildings Syst
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Technology Transfer (T) as a Work-P
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In the end, one may find that there
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different evolutionary stages. Each
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References. 1. Bonnett, R. K., 1989
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The typical approach for the captur
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of loss does exist. Conversely, in
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B. LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF NEGLIGE
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(or a commercialization entity unde
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to properly manage and structure it
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While express disclaimers of warran
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Each question bears on the degree t
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ights to the discovery, indemnify t
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2. Licensing of Discoveries Through
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To a substantial degree, the partic
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Institutional risk control: High. I
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Implementation Innovation Through T
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evealing. When categorized into eig
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egin development in Fall of '92. Th
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Mission Implemrentation of Innovati
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Sampling of Products Active Task Fo
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Typical Company Product Catalog c P
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Cil Education Program Pilot Short C
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10 May 1992 Technology Transfer and
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The risk in trying something new ma
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existence of the technology, its ap
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development effort. Developing inno
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among potential users, 2) provide i
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Jeffrey J. Walaszek USACERL, Public
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"O&M Chiefs" fto,, Page i meeting o
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Technical Reports - Videos, cont'd
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Fort Harrison Expects Quick Payback
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Test Water Quality at Minimal Cost
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Noise Monitor Helps Installations R
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Trenchless Pipe Replacement PIM: Th
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PRR-4 Geotextile Applications PRR-1
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After addressing these initial matt
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Concluding thoughts The chairman as
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The APWA has been very successful i
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challenge these constraints for jus
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Group C: Enhancing Technology Trans
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A national catalyst must not be a b
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WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday March 3. 19
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Summary of Session C & Group Discus
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infrastructure. He also asserts tha
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alternatives available for funding
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES APPENDIX C Ar
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Publications include: "The Manageme
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concrete beams. From the American C
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William D. Michalerya William Micha
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Mr. Schilling graduated in 1963 as
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Dr. Walton has been involved in res
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1p Pubkc
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